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      Improving Sexual Health Education Programs for Adolescent Students through Game-Based Learning and Gamification

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          Abstract

          An effective innovative pedagogy for sexual health education is required to meet the demands of technology savvy digital natives. This study investigates the extent to which game-based learning (GBL) and gamification could improve the sexual health education of adolescent students. We conducted a randomized control trial of GBL and gamification experimental conditions. We made a comparison with traditional teaching as a control condition in order to establish differences between the three teaching conditions. The sexual health education topics were delivered in a masked fashion, 40-min a week for five weeks. A mixed-method research approach was uses to assess and analyze the results for 120 students from a secondary school in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Students were divided into groups of 40 for each of the three teaching methods: GBL, gamification, and the control group (the traditional teaching method). The average post-test scores for GBL (Mean = 79.94, SD = 11.169) and gamification (Mean = 79.23, SD = 9.186) were significantly higher than the control group Mean = 51.93, SD = 18.705 ( F (2, 117) = 54.75, p = 0.001). Overall, statistically significant differences ( p ≤ 0.05) were found for the constructs of Motivation, Attitude, Knowledge, and Engagement (MAKE). This study suggests that the two innovative teaching approaches can be used to improve the sexual health education of adolescent students. The methods can potentially contribute socially, particularly in improving sexual health behaviour and adolescents’ knowledge in regions plagued by years of sexual health problems, including HIV/AIDS.

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          Most cited references78

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          Assessing the effects of gamification in the classroom: A longitudinal study on intrinsic motivation, social comparison, satisfaction, effort, and academic performance

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            Early age at first sexual intercourse and early pregnancy are risk factors for cervical cancer in developing countries

            Early age at first sexual intercourse (AFSI) has long been associated with an increased risk of invasive cervical carcinoma (ICC). Age at first pregnancy (AFP) and ICC have been investigated less, although AFSI and AFP are strongly interrelated in most developing countries. A pooled analysis of case–control studies on ICC from eight developing countries with 1864 cases and 1719 controls investigated the roles of AFSI, AFP, and ICC risk. Age at first sexual intercourse, AFP and age at first marriage (AFM) were highly interrelated and had similar ICC risk estimates. Compared with women with AFSI ⩾21 years, the odds ratio (OR) of ICC was 1.80 (95% CI: 1.50–2.39) among women with AFSI 17–20 years and 2.31 (95% CI: 1.85–2.87) for AFSI ⩽16 years (P-trend <0.001). No statistical interaction was detected between AFSI and any established risk factors for ICC. The ICC risk was 2.4-fold among those who reported AFSI and AFP at ⩽16 years compared with those with AFSI and AFP at ⩾21 years. These data confirm AFSI and AFB as risk factors for ICC in eight developing countries, but any independent effects of these two events could not be distinguished.
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              The Role of the Affective and Cognitive Bases of Attitudes in Susceptibility to Affectively and Cognitively Based Persuasion

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Int J Environ Res Public Health
                Int J Environ Res Public Health
                ijerph
                International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
                MDPI
                1661-7827
                1660-4601
                17 September 2018
                September 2018
                : 15
                : 9
                : 2027
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Faculty of Education, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China; xiaoxhu@ 123456hku.hk (X.H.); samchu@ 123456hku.hk (S.K.W.C.); robmel@ 123456hku.hk (R.R.M.)
                [2 ]Animation Creation Department, Innovative Development Tanzania, 63 Galu Street, Ada Estate, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; goodluckgabriel201@ 123456gmail.com
                [3 ]Directorate of Library Services, Institute of Finance Management, 5 Shaaban Robert Street 11101, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; cyrilbab@ 123456gmail.com
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: hharuna@ 123456hku.hk ; Tel.: +252-54-309-071
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9089-2847
                Article
                ijerph-15-02027
                10.3390/ijerph15092027
                6163657
                30227642
                44468efa-1077-4136-b323-dad3f7b7e48b
                © 2018 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 18 August 2018
                : 12 September 2018
                Categories
                Article

                Public health
                sexual health education,sexual well-being,adolescent students,game-based learning,gamification,make framework,randomized controlled trial,reduction unhealthy sexual behaviour,prevention stis and hiv/aids,digital health technologies

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