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      Antibiotic resistance: turning evolutionary principles into clinical reality

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          ABSTRACT

          Antibiotic resistance is one of the major challenges facing modern medicine worldwide. The past few decades have witnessed rapid progress in our understanding of the multiple factors that affect the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance at the population level and the level of the individual patient. However, the process of translating this progress into health policy and clinical practice has been slow. Here, we attempt to consolidate current knowledge about the evolution and ecology of antibiotic resistance into a roadmap for future research as well as clinical and environmental control of antibiotic resistance. At the population level, we examine emergence, transmission and dissemination of antibiotic resistance, and at the patient level, we examine adaptation involving bacterial physiology and host resilience. Finally, we describe new approaches and technologies for improving diagnosis and treatment and minimizing the spread of resistance.

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          Author and article information

          Contributors
          Journal
          FEMS Microbiology Reviews
          Oxford University Press (OUP)
          0168-6445
          1574-6976
          March 2020
          March 01 2020
          January 25 2020
          March 2020
          March 01 2020
          January 25 2020
          : 44
          : 2
          : 171-188
          Affiliations
          [1 ]Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Uppsala, BMC, Husargatan 3, 75237, Uppsala, Sweden
          [2 ]The Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
          [3 ]Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute, Ctra. Colmenar Viejo Km 9,100 28034 – Madrid, Madrid, Spain
          [4 ]French National Reference Center for Antibiotics, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, Paris, France
          [5 ]Ecology and Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, Paris, France
          [6 ]School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, 121 Jack Green building, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
          [7 ]Faculty of Biology, The Technion, Technion City, Haifa 3200003, Haifa, Israel
          [8 ]Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 220 2800 Kgs.Lyngby, Lyngby, Denmark
          [9 ]Department of Microbiology, University of Oslo, OUS HF Rikshospitalet Postboks 4950 Nydalen 0424 Oslo, Oslo, Norway
          [10 ]Oslo University Hospital, P. O. Box 4950 Nydalen N-0424 Oslo, Oslo, Norway
          Article
          10.1093/femsre/fuaa001
          31981358
          4473979c-4247-4df6-b303-c8f9bf79bbdc
          © 2020

          https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model

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