For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
13
views
25
references
 Top references
cited by
28
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      1,471
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: not found
      • Article: not found

      Prices and E-Cigarette Demand: Evidence From the European Union

      Author(s): , ,
      Publication date Created:
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Nicotine & Tobacco Research
      Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPubMed
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Many European Union (EU) Member States have expressed the need for EU legislation to clarify the issue of e-cigarette taxation, but the economic evidence to inform creation of such policies has been lacking. To date, only one study-on the United States only-has examined responsiveness of e-cigarette demand to price changes.

          Related collections

          Most cited references25

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: not found
          • Article: not found

          Co-Integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing

          Robert F. Engle, C. W. J. Granger (1987)
          Article 0 comments Cited 1201 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Levels of selected carcinogens and toxicants in vapour from electronic cigarettes.

            Maciej Goniewicz, Jakub Knysak, Michal Gawron … (2014)
            Electronic cigarettes, also known as e-cigarettes, are devices designed to imitate regular cigarettes and deliver nicotine via inhalation without combusting tobacco. They are purported to deliver nicotine without other toxicants and to be a safer alternative to regular cigarettes. However, little toxicity testing has been performed to evaluate the chemical nature of vapour generated from e-cigarettes. The aim of this study was to screen e-cigarette vapours for content of four groups of potentially toxic and carcinogenic compounds: carbonyls, volatile organic compounds, nitrosamines and heavy metals. Vapours were generated from 12 brands of e-cigarettes and the reference product, the medicinal nicotine inhaler, in controlled conditions using a modified smoking machine. The selected toxic compounds were extracted from vapours into a solid or liquid phase and analysed with chromatographic and spectroscopy methods. We found that the e-cigarette vapours contained some toxic substances. The levels of the toxicants were 9-450 times lower than in cigarette smoke and were, in many cases, comparable with trace amounts found in the reference product. Our findings are consistent with the idea that substituting tobacco cigarettes with e-cigarettes may substantially reduce exposure to selected tobacco-specific toxicants. E-cigarettes as a harm reduction strategy among smokers unwilling to quit, warrants further study. (To view this abstract in Polish and German, please see the supplementary files online.).
            Article 0 comments Cited 242 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Carbonyl compounds in electronic cigarette vapors: effects of nicotine solvent and battery output voltage.

              Leon Kośmider, Andrzej Sobczak, Maciej Fik … (2014)
              Glycerin (VG) and propylene glycol (PG) are the most common nicotine solvents used in e-cigarettes (ECs). It has been shown that at high temperatures both VG and PG undergo decomposition to low molecular carbonyl compounds, including the carcinogens formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. The aim of this study was to evaluate how various product characteristics, including nicotine solvent and battery output voltage, affect the levels of carbonyls in EC vapor. Twelve carbonyl compounds were measured in vapors from 10 commercially available nicotine solutions and from 3 control solutions composed of pure glycerin, pure propylene glycol, or a mixture of both solvents (50:50). EC battery output voltage was gradually modified from 3.2 to 4.8V. Carbonyl compounds were determined using the HPLC/DAD method. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were found in 8 of 13 samples. The amounts of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in vapors from lower voltage EC were on average 13- and 807-fold lower than in tobacco smoke, respectively. The highest levels of carbonyls were observed in vapors generated from PG-based solutions. Increasing voltage from 3.2 to 4.8V resulted in a 4 to more than 200 times increase in formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone levels. The levels of formaldehyde in vapors from high-voltage device were in the range of levels reported in tobacco smoke. Vapors from EC contain toxic and carcinogenic carbonyl compounds. Both solvent and battery output voltage significantly affect levels of carbonyl compounds in EC vapors. High-voltage EC may expose users to high levels of carbonyl compounds. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
              Article 0 comments Cited 230 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Nicotine & Tobacco Research
                Abbreviated Title: NICTOB
                Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
                ISSN (Print): 1462-2203
                ISSN (Electronic): 1469-994X
                Publication date Created: September 09 2016
                Publication date Created: October 2016
                Publication date (Print): October 2016
                Publication date (Electronic): April 16 2016
                Volume: 18
                Issue: 10
                Pages: 1973-1980
                Article
                DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw109
                PubMed ID: 27085083
                SO-VID: 447a9bab-ead6-479d-9319-2e97ae9266f1
                Copyright © © 2016
                History

                Data availability:

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content1,471

                See all similar

                Cited by28

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors267

                See all reference authors