Longitudinal study of humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 of health professionals in Brazil: the impact of booster dose and reinfection on antibody dynamics

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Abstract

Introduction

The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has had a major impact on health systems. Vaccines have been shown to be effective in improving the clinical outcome of COVID-19, but they are not able to fully prevent infection and reinfection, especially that caused by new variants.

Methods

Here, we tracked for 450 days the humoral immune response and reinfection in 52 healthcare workers from Brazil. Infection and reinfection were confirmed by RT-qPCR, while IgM and IgG antibody levels were monitored by rapid test.

Results

Of the 52 participants, 19 (36%) got reinfected during the follow-up period, all presenting mild symptoms. For all participants, IgM levels dropped sharply, with over 47% of them becoming seronegative by the 60th day. For IgG, 90% of the participants became seropositive within the first 30 days of follow-up. IgG antibodies also dropped after this period reaching the lowest level on day 270 (68.5 ± 72.3, p<0.0001). Booster dose and reinfection increased the levels of both antibodies, with the interaction between them resulting in an increase in IgG levels of 130.3 arbitrary units.

Conclusions

Overall, our data indicate that acquired humoral immunity declines over time and suggests that IgM and IgG antibody levels are not associated with the prevention of reinfection.

Related collections

Most cited references 88

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Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data

Anthony M. Bolger, Marc Lohse, Bjoern Usadel (2014)

Motivation: Although many next-generation sequencing (NGS) read preprocessing tools already existed, we could not find any tool or combination of tools that met our requirements in terms of flexibility, correct handling of paired-end data and high performance. We have developed Trimmomatic as a more flexible and efficient preprocessing tool, which could correctly handle paired-end data. Results: The value of NGS read preprocessing is demonstrated for both reference-based and reference-free tasks. Trimmomatic is shown to produce output that is at least competitive with, and in many cases superior to, that produced by other tools, in all scenarios tested. Availability and implementation: Trimmomatic is licensed under GPL V3. It is cross-platform (Java 1.5+ required) and available at http://www.usadellab.org/cms/index.php?page=trimmomatic Contact: usadel@bio1.rwth-aachen.de Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

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Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR

Victor M Corman, Olfert Landt, Marco Kaiser … (2020)

Background The ongoing outbreak of the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) poses a challenge for public health laboratories as virus isolates are unavailable while there is growing evidence that the outbreak is more widespread than initially thought, and international spread through travellers does already occur. Aim We aimed to develop and deploy robust diagnostic methodology for use in public health laboratory settings without having virus material available. Methods Here we present a validated diagnostic workflow for 2019-nCoV, its design relying on close genetic relatedness of 2019-nCoV with SARS coronavirus, making use of synthetic nucleic acid technology. Results The workflow reliably detects 2019-nCoV, and further discriminates 2019-nCoV from SARS-CoV. Through coordination between academic and public laboratories, we confirmed assay exclusivity based on 297 original clinical specimens containing a full spectrum of human respiratory viruses. Control material is made available through European Virus Archive – Global (EVAg), a European Union infrastructure project. Conclusion The present study demonstrates the enormous response capacity achieved through coordination of academic and public laboratories in national and European research networks.

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Kung Liang, Scott Zeger (1986)

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Author and article information

Contributors

Ana Paula Moreira Franco-Luiz: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/504530

Gabriel da Rocha Fernandes: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/32213

Taynãna César Simões: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2095611

Sandra Grossi Gava: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/155134

Rosiane A. da Silva-Pereira: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1019440

Pedro Augusto Alves: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/537308

Cristina Toscano Fonseca: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/165892

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front Immunol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Front Immunol

Journal ID (publisher-id): Front. Immunol.

Title: Frontiers in Immunology

Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.

ISSN (Electronic): 1664-3224

Publication date (Electronic): 14 July 2023

Publication date Collection: 2023

Publication date PMC-release: 14 July 2023

Volume: 14

Electronic Location Identifier: 1220600

Affiliations

[1] ¹ Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia e Imunologia de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz , Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

[2] ² Grupo de Imunologia de Doenças Virais, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz , Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

[3] ³ Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

[4] ⁴ Grupo de Pesquisa em Informática de Biossistemas, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz , Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

[5] ⁵ Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde Pública e Envelhecimento, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz , Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

[6] ⁶ Serviço de capacitação em métodos quantitativos -SAMeQ, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz , Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

[7] ⁷ Grupo de Pesquisa em Helmintologia e Malacologia Médica, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz , Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

[8] ⁸ Centro de Vigilância em Saúde e Segurança do Paciente, Hospital Metropolitano Doutor Célio de Castro , Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

[9] ⁹ Serviço Especializado em Segurança e Medicina do Trabalho, Hospital Metropolitano Doutor Célio de Castro , Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Author notes

Edited by: William Dowling, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), Norway

Reviewed by: Henning Jacobsen, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Germany; Diego Cantoni, MRC-University of Glasgow Centre For Virus Research (MRC), United Kingdom

*Correspondence: Cristina Toscano Fonseca, cristina.toscano@ 123456fiocruz.br

Article

DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1220600

PMC ID: 10376701

PubMed ID: 37520570

SO-VID: 449093c8-63c6-4ddc-98d0-e197597660ea

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

History

Date received : 10 May 2023

Date accepted : 26 June 2023

Page count

Figures: 7, Tables: 6, Equations: 0, References: 90, Pages: 18, Words: 9163

Funding

Funded by: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais , doi 10.13039/501100004901;

Funded by: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz , doi 10.13039/501100006507;

Funded by: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico , doi 10.13039/501100003593;

This research was funded by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) (Grant number: APQ-00635-20) and the Fundação Oswaldo Cruz – Inova Program (Grant number: VPPCB-005-FIO-20-2-24) and CNPq (Fellowship Grant number: CTF- 306188/2022-8).

Custom metadata

section-in-acceptance Viral Immunology

ScienceOpen disciplines: Immunology

Keywords: antibody,covid-19,healthcare workers,humoral immunity,reinfection,sars-cov-2

Data availability: