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      PLANTAS HOSPEDEIRAS DE Thyrinteina arnobia (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) AFETAM O DESENVOLVIMENTO DO PARASITOIDE Palmistichus elaeisis (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE)1 Translated title: HOST PLANTS OF Thyrinteina arnobia (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) AFFECT THE DEVELOPMENT OF PARASITOIDS Palmistichus elaeisis (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE)

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          Abstract

          O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência do parasitismo e a biologia da prole do parasitoide Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare e La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) em pupas de Thyrinteina arnobia Stoll (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) quando criadas em plantas de Psidium guajava ou Eucalyptus cloeziana. Ovos de T. arnobia foram coletados e colocados em sacos de tecido tipo organza envolvendo galhos de plantas de P. guajava (T1) e E. cloeziana (T2) até as lagartas alcançarem a fase de pupa. Trinta pupas de cada tratamento foram individualizadas em tubos de vidro e expostas ao parasitismo por quatro fêmeas de P. elaeisis por 24 h. Avaliaram-se a emergência da progênie do parasitoide por pupa; a porcentagem de parasitismo, pupas mortas e de adultos de T. arnobia emergidos; a duração do ciclo de vida (ovo-adulto);a longevidade; a razão sexual; e o tamanho da cápsula cefálica e do corpo do parasitoide. A porcentagem de parasitismo, a emergência de P. elaeisis por pupa, a longevidade das fêmeas e o tamanho da cápsula cefálica e do corpo dos machos do parasitoide foram menores quando seu hospedeiro foi criado em plantas de eucalipto. Isso pode ter ocorrido devido à grande quantidade de compostos do metabolismo secundário presentes nesta planta, que podem ser acumulados no corpo do herbívoro ao se alimentar, afetando negativamente o inimigo natural. Palmistichus elaeisis mostrou-se mais adaptado à mirtácea nativa da América P. guajava.

          Translated abstract

          The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of parasitism and biology of the parasitoid Palmistichus elaeisis Delvaree and La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) progeny in pupae of Thyrinteina arnobia Stoll (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) when reared on plants of Psidium guajavaor Eucalyptus cloeziana. Eggs of T. arnobia were collected and placed in organza bags involving branches of plants of P. guajava (T1) and E. cloeziana (T2) until the larvae reach the pupal stage. Thirty pupae from each treatment were placed in glass tubes and exposed to parasitism by four females of P. elaeisis for 24 hours. It was evaluated: the emergence of the parasitoid progeny per pupa, the percentage of parasitism, dead pupae and adults of T. arnobiaemerged, the duration of the life cycle (egg to adult), longevity, sex ratio, the size of the cephalic capsule and body of the parasitoid. The percentage of parasitism, emergence of P. elaeisis per pupa, the female longevity, the size of the cephalic capsule and body of the parasitoid males were smaller when its host was created in eucalyptus plants. This may have occurred due to the large number of secondary metabolic compounds present in this plant, which can be accumulated in the body of the herbivore, negatively affecting the natural enemy. Palmistichus elaeisis was more adapted to Myrtaceae native of America P. guajava.

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          Integrating genetic and silvicultural strategies to minimize abiotic and biotic constraints in Brazilian eucalypt plantations

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            Native and exotic pests of eucalyptus: a worldwide perspective.

            Eucalyptus species, native to Australia, Indonesia, the Philippines, and New Guinea, are the most widely planted hardwood timber species in the world. The trees, moved around the globe as seeds, escaped the diverse community of herbivores found in their native range. However, a number of herbivore species from the native range of eucalypts have invaded many Eucalyptus-growing regions in North America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and South America in the last 30 years. In addition, there have been shifts of native species, particularly in Africa, Asia, and South America, onto Eucalyptus. There are risks that these species as well as generalist herbivores from other parts of the world will invade Australia and threaten the trees in their native range. The risk to Eucalyptus plantations in Australia is further compounded by planting commercially important species outside their endemic range and shifting of local herbivore populations onto new host trees. Understanding the mechanisms underlying host specificity of Australian insects can provide insight into patterns of host range expansion of both native and exotic insects.
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              Functional ecology of immature parasitoids.

              Recently, there has been exciting progress in our understanding of the behavioral and evolutionary ecology of immature parasitoids. Developing parasitoids face a diversity of ecological constraints, and parasitism success involves decisions and responses made by immature parasitoids to find a host and solve conflicts with five potential antagonists: host, mother, siblings, competitors, and natural enemies. In this review we synthesize and interpret results from studies on (a) the convergent evolution of host selection behavior of first-instar larvae and females in hymenopteran, dipteran, and coleopteran families; (b) the competitive interactions between larval parasitoids and the evolution of gregariousness; (c) the susceptibility of parasitized hosts to predation; and (d) the ability of parasitoids to manipulate the behavior of the host. We discuss how ecological interactions between juvenile parasitoids and their hosts, competitors, and natural enemies influence the evolution of parasitoid life-history strategies, and why the integration of functional aspects of the ecology of immature parasitoids provides a reliable framework for effective host-parasitoid population models and formulation of biological control solutions.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rarv
                Revista Árvore
                Rev. Árvore
                Sociedade de Investigações Florestais (Viçosa )
                1806-9088
                February 2015
                : 39
                : 1
                : 159-166
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade Federal de Viçosa Brazil
                [4 ] Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Brazil
                [5 ] Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Brazil
                Article
                S0100-67622015000100015
                10.1590/0100-67622015000100015
                44993a1c-cdb5-4f17-9c2b-ec4c1c315176

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0100-6762&lng=en
                Categories
                FORESTRY

                Forestry
                Biological control,Myrtaceae,Tritrophic interaction,Controle biológico,interação tritrófica

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