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      Stratigraphy of the Anthropocene

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          Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to present.

          J Zachos, M. Pagani, L. Sloan … (2001)
          Since 65 million years ago (Ma), Earth's climate has undergone a significant and complex evolution, the finer details of which are now coming to light through investigations of deep-sea sediment cores. This evolution includes gradual trends of warming and cooling driven by tectonic processes on time scales of 10(5) to 10(7) years, rhythmic or periodic cycles driven by orbital processes with 10(4)- to 10(6)-year cyclicity, and rare rapid aberrant shifts and extreme climate transients with durations of 10(3) to 10(5) years. Here, recent progress in defining the evolution of global climate over the Cenozoic Era is reviewed. We focus primarily on the periodic and anomalous components of variability over the early portion of this era, as constrained by the latest generation of deep-sea isotope records. We also consider how this improved perspective has led to the recognition of previously unforeseen mechanisms for altering climate.
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            The Chicxulub asteroid impact and mass extinction at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary.

            Peter Z. Schulte, Laia Alegret, Ignacio Arenillas … (2010)
            The Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary approximately 65.5 million years ago marks one of the three largest mass extinctions in the past 500 million years. The extinction event coincided with a large asteroid impact at Chicxulub, Mexico, and occurred within the time of Deccan flood basalt volcanism in India. Here, we synthesize records of the global stratigraphy across this boundary to assess the proposed causes of the mass extinction. Notably, a single ejecta-rich deposit compositionally linked to the Chicxulub impact is globally distributed at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. The temporal match between the ejecta layer and the onset of the extinctions and the agreement of ecological patterns in the fossil record with modeled environmental perturbations (for example, darkness and cooling) lead us to conclude that the Chicxulub impact triggered the mass extinction.
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              Contributions of stratospheric water vapor to decadal changes in the rate of global warming.

              Susan Solomon, Karen H Rosenlof, Robert W Portmann … (2010)
              Stratospheric water vapor concentrations decreased by about 10% after the year 2000. Here we show that this acted to slow the rate of increase in global surface temperature over 2000-2009 by about 25% compared to that which would have occurred due only to carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. More limited data suggest that stratospheric water vapor probably increased between 1980 and 2000, which would have enhanced the decadal rate of surface warming during the 1990s by about 30% as compared to estimates neglecting this change. These findings show that stratospheric water vapor is an important driver of decadal global surface climate change.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
                Abbreviated Title: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
                Publisher: The Royal Society
                ISSN (Print): 1364-503X
                ISSN (Electronic): 1471-2962
                Publication date Created: January 31 2011
                Publication date (Print): January 31 2011
                Volume: 369
                Issue: 1938
                Pages: 1036-1055
                Article
                DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2010.0315
                SO-VID: 44a33b66-a314-4e53-8661-d924e5039215
                Copyright © © 2011
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