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      Self-diagnosis of active head lice infestation by individuals from an impoverished community: high sensitivity and specificity Translated title: Auto diagnóstico de pediculose por indivíduos de uma comunidade economicamente desfavorecida: alta sensibilidade e especificidade

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          Abstract

          To compare sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of self-diagnosis for head lice infestation with visual inspection, we conducted a study in an urban slum in Brazil. Individuals were asked about active head lice infestation (self-diagnosis); we performed visual inspection and thereafter wet combing (gold standard). Of the 175 individuals included, 77 (44%) had an active head lice infestation. For self-diagnosis, sensitivity (80.5%), specificity (91.8%), PPV (88.6%) and NPV (85.7%) were high. Sensitivity of visual inspection was 35.1%. Public health professionals can use self-diagnosis as a diagnostic tool, to estimate accurately prevalence of pediculosis in a community, and to monitor ongoing intervention strategies.

          Translated abstract

          Foi conduzido um estudo em uma favela urbana no Brasil com o objetivo de comparar a sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo (VPP) e valor preditivo negativo (VPN) do auto-diagnóstico de pediculose com a inspeção visual. Dos 175 indivíduos incluídos, 77 (44%) apresentavam pediculose. Para o auto-diagnóstico, a sensibilidade (80.5%), a especificidade (91.8%), o VPP (88.6%) e o VPN (85.7%) foram altos. A sensibilidade da inspeção visual foi 35.1%. Profissionais de saúde podem utilizar o auto-diagnóstico como uma ferramenta diagnóstica para estimar de forma acurada a prevalência de pediculose em uma comunidade, como também para monitorar estratégias de controle da doença.

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          Human lice and their control.

          Current research on human louse biology has focused on the long-standing debate about speciation of head and body lice but using new tools of DNA and enzyme analysis. These studies have indicated that head and body lice from the same geographical zone may be more closely allied than insects inhabiting the same ecological niche in other regions. However, the majority of research over the past decade has involved clinical aspects including transmission, treatment, and the appearance and identification of resistant strains within populations of lice. Despite advances, there is a need for a better understanding of louse biology, as existing therapies fail and lice remain potential vectors of disease for millions of people.
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            Prevalence of skin diseases in rural areas of Assiut Governorate, Upper Egypt.

            Few epidemiological surveys have been carried out to determine the prevalence of skin diseases in the population of Egypt, particularly "Upper Egypt". So it is a pressing necessity to conduct such a study in rural Assiut. To determine the prevalence of various skin diseases in rural Assiut. A cross-sectional community-based survey was followed. The survey included 8008 rural inhabitants of all ages and both sexes from a representative of three villages of Assiut Governorate, Upper Egypt. The data were collected through personal interview and examination at homes from December 1994 to December 1996. They showed that 6961 (86.93%) of the studied population had one or more skin diseases. The group with parasitic skin infestations had the highest prevalence rate (27.40%) of the total sample, of which pediculosis capitis (19.37%) was the commonest. Eczema/dermatitis group had a rate of 19.82%, with pityriasis alba forming the majority (13.49%). Pigmentary disorders were 17.68%, followed by fungal skin infections (16.17%), then naevoid disorders (16.10%), hair and scalp disorders (12.07%), bacterial skin infections (10.10%), sweat gland disorders (6.16%), acne vulgaris (5.37%). Leprosy constituted 1.6/10,000. Other various skin disorders were recorded. Infective-parasitic diseases were a major problem particularly among the younger age-group and those of low socio-economic status.
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              Human Lice and their control

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rimtsp
                Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo
                Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo
                Instituto de Medicina Tropical (São Paulo )
                1678-9946
                April 2008
                : 50
                : 2
                : 121-122
                Affiliations
                [1 ] University of Medicine Germany
                [2 ] Universidade Federal do Ceará Brazil
                [3 ] James Cook University
                Article
                S0036-46652008000200011
                10.1590/S0036-46652008000200011
                18488093
                44d48607-f05c-4783-b9b3-de17731fed43

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0036-4665&lng=en
                Categories
                TROPICAL MEDICINE

                Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Head lice,Epidemiology,Diagnosis,Sensitivity,Specificity,Predictive values

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