Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Treatment Based on Staging Criteria

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Abstract

Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis is the most important cause of acquired gastrointestinal morbidity or mortality among low birthweight infants. Prematurity alone is probably the only identifiable risk factor. Although the etiology is unknown NEC has many similarities to an infectious disease. Proper staging helps improve reporting and the management of NEC.

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Most cited references 89

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Association of coronavirus infection with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis.

S Rousset, C Chany, O Moscovici … (1982)

From the clustered occurrence of numerous cases of necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns, it was possible to associate this disease significantly with infection due to coronavirus-like agents. Prematurity or low birth weight did not seem to affect the development of the disease, at least during the present epidemic. However, associated gas-producing bacteria could influence its severity and play a role in the appearance of pneumatosis. In many aspects the human disease is reminiscent of experimental necrotizing enterocolitis obtained by infection of germ-free newborn animals, as reported in the literature.

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Acute necrotizing enterocolitis in infancy: a review of 64 cases.

J Schullinger, W C Heird, Caroline A Blanc … (1975)

Sixty-four cases of necrotizing enterocolitis are reviewed. The diagnosis was based on tissue examination in 57 and on the clinical syndrome, including pneumatosis, in 7. Three factors are important in the development of the disease: injury to the intestinal mucosa, bacteria, and feedings. The indications for surgical intervention are pneumoperitoneum, signs of peritonitis, and intestinal obstruction. The importance of stress in the etiology of the disease is confirmed by the high incidence of perinatal complications, particularly hypoxia. The mortality was high, but results are improving with the institution of early aggressive treatment.

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Clostridium difficile toxin in asymptomatic neonates.

Richard E Behrman, Sam T Donta, Martin Myers (1982)

Clostridium difficile toxin was detected in the feces of 10.5% of normal newborn infants and 55% of neonates in the intensive care unit. None of the normal infants and less than one-third of those in the NICU had any signs of enteric illness. Vaginal delivery and breast-feeding were associated with increased rates of toxin carriage. Although toxin was not detected during antibiotic therapy, it could be found in 85% of infants two weeks or more, and for at least an additional two months, following exposure to antibiotics.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Pediatr Clin North Am

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Pediatr. Clin. North Am

Title: Pediatric Clinics of North America

Publisher: Elsevier Inc.

ISSN (Print): 0031-3955

ISSN (Electronic): 1557-8240

Publication date PMC-release: 1 August 2016

Publication date (Print): February 1986

Publication date (Electronic): 1 August 2016

Volume: 33

Issue: 1

Pages: 179-201

Affiliations

[* ]Fellow in Neonatology, Case Western Reserve University; Rainbow Babies and Childrens Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio

[† ]Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Associate Director, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Case Western Reserve University; Rainbow Babies and Childrens Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio

Article

Publisher ID: S0031-3955(16)34975-6

DOI: 10.1016/S0031-3955(16)34975-6

PMC ID: 7131118

PubMed ID: 3081865

SO-VID: 44d51e9b-a37e-4920-9c89-015b6d26e80c

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Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Treatment Based on Staging Criteria

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Abstract

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Pediatric Pulse: Advancing Neonatal and Child Health

Most cited references 89

Association of coronavirus infection with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis.

Acute necrotizing enterocolitis in infancy: a review of 64 cases.

Clostridium difficile toxin in asymptomatic neonates.

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