Evidence of two lineages of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti in the Brazilian Amazon, based on mitochondrial DNA ND4 gene sequences

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Abstract

Genetic variation was estimated in ten samples populations of Aedes aegypti from the Brazilian Amazon, by using a 380 bp fragment of the mitochocondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 ( ND4) gene. A total of 123 individuals were analyzed, whereby 13 haplotypes were found. Mean genetic diversity was slightly high ( h = 0.666 ± 0.029; π = 0.0115 ± 0.0010). Two AMOVA analyses indicated that most of the variation (~70%-72%) occurred within populations. The variation found among and between populations within the groups disclosed lower, but even so, highly significant values. F _ST values were not significant in most of the comparisons, except for the samples from Pacaraima and Rio Branco. The isolation by distance (IBD) model was not significant ( r = 0.2880; p = 0.097) when the samples from Pacaraima and Rio Branco were excluded from the analyses, this indicating that genetic distance is not related to geographic distance. This result may be explained either by passive dispersal patterns (via human migrations and commercial exchange) or be due to the recent expansion of this mosquito in the Brazilian Amazon. Phylogenetic relationship analysis showed two genetically distinct groups (lineages) within the Brazilian Amazon, each sharing haplotypes with populations from West Africa and Asia.

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Most cited references 40

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MEGA3: Integrated software for Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis and sequence alignment.

S. KUMAR (2004)

With its theoretical basis firmly established in molecular evolutionary and population genetics, the comparative DNA and protein sequence analysis plays a central role in reconstructing the evolutionary histories of species and multigene families, estimating rates of molecular evolution, and inferring the nature and extent of selective forces shaping the evolution of genes and genomes. The scope of these investigations has now expanded greatly owing to the development of high-throughput sequencing techniques and novel statistical and computational methods. These methods require easy-to-use computer programs. One such effort has been to produce Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software, with its focus on facilitating the exploration and analysis of the DNA and protein sequence variation from an evolutionary perspective. Currently in its third major release, MEGA3 contains facilities for automatic and manual sequence alignment, web-based mining of databases, inference of the phylogenetic trees, estimation of evolutionary distances and testing evolutionary hypotheses. This paper provides an overview of the statistical methods, computational tools, and visual exploration modules for data input and the results obtainable in MEGA.

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DnaSP, DNA polymorphism analyses by the coalescent and other methods.

Julio Rozas, Juan Sánchez-DelBarrio, Xavier Messeguer … (2003)

DnaSP is a software package for the analysis of DNA polymorphism data. Present version introduces several new modules and features which, among other options allow: (1) handling big data sets (approximately 5 Mb per sequence); (2) conducting a large number of coalescent-based tests by Monte Carlo computer simulations; (3) extensive analyses of the genetic differentiation and gene flow among populations; (4) analysing the evolutionary pattern of preferred and unpreferred codons; (5) generating graphical outputs for an easy visualization of results. The software package, including complete documentation and examples, is freely available to academic users from: http://www.ub.es/dnasp

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A ribosomal RNA gene probe differentiates member species of the Anopheles gambiae complex.

F Collins, M. A. Mendez, M. O. Rasmussen … (1987)

A 0.59 kilobase DNA fragment cloned from an rDNA cistron of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae can be used as a probe to differentiate between A. gambiae, A. arabiensis, and A. melas, three morphologically identical sibling species in the A. gambiae complex which otherwise can be reliably distinguished only by polytene chromosome banding patterns. Although all are important (and often sympatric) African malaria vectors, their relative roles in malaria transmission have thus far been difficult to assess. The probe, an EcoRI-SalI fragment from the 3' end of the 28S beta coding region of the cistron, is present in all three species, but the species differ uniquely with respect to the location of an EcoRI site in the nontranscribed spacer (NTS) downstream of the fragment. We have routinely used the probe to identify A. gambiae complex mosquitoes to species on the basis of genomic DNA extracted from individual air dried specimens. A single mosquito abdomen provides more than sufficient DNA for the assay, and neither eggs nor a bloodmeal in the abdomen interfere with DNA yield. Moreover, the DNA extraction procedure does not degrade the bloodmeal IgG, so the residual protein pellet can be used to identify the mosquito bloodmeal source. Since the rDNA cistron organization as detected by the probe does not differ between male and female mosquitoes, the probe can be used for either sex. Preliminary experiments show that the probe is equally useful for mosquito larvae and pupae.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Genet Mol Biol

Journal ID (publisher-id): GMB

Title: Genetics and Molecular Biology

Publisher: Sociedade Brasileira de Genética (Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil )

ISSN (Print): 1415-4757

ISSN (Electronic): 1678-4685

Publication date (Print): Apr-Jun 2009

Publication date (Electronic): 27 March 2009

Volume: 32

Issue: 2

Pages: 414-422

Affiliations

[1 ]simplePrograma de Pós Graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM Brazil

[2 ]simpleLaboratório de Genética de Populações e Evolução de Vetores de Malária e Dengue, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM Brazil

Author notes

Send correspondence to Vera Margarete Scarpassa. Laboratório de Genética de Populações e Evolução de Vetores de Malária e Dengue, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araujo 2936, Bairro Aleixo, Manaus, AM, Brazil. E-mail: vera@ 123456inpa.gov.br .

Article

DOI: 10.1590/S1415-47572009005000036

PMC ID: 3036918

PubMed ID: 21637700

SO-VID: 44dec2dd-677e-4a04-82fe-c919521f40c0

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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Evidence of two lineages of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti in the Brazilian Amazon, based on mitochondrial DNA ND4 gene sequences

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Abstract

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Higher order chromatin architecture

Most cited references 40

MEGA3: Integrated software for Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis and sequence alignment.

DnaSP, DNA polymorphism analyses by the coalescent and other methods.

A ribosomal RNA gene probe differentiates member species of the Anopheles gambiae complex.

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