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      Manila duck ( Cairina moschata) frozen semen quality in lactated ringer’s egg yolk-astaxanthin with different concentrations of DMSO

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      1 , * , , 1 , 2 , 3
      Animal Reproduction
      Colégio Brasileiro de Reprodução Animal
      Manila duck, frozen semen, cryopreservation, astaxanthin, DMSO

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          Abstract

          This study was conducted to evaluate manila duck’s ( Cairina moschata) frozen semen quality after cryopreservation in lactated ringer's egg yolk-astaxanthin (LREY-A) with 5 different concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Methodology: Semen was collected from 3 manila ducks ( Cairina moschata) using the cloaca massage technique twice a week. Fresh semen was evaluated macro and microscopically then polled and divided into 5 tubes of treatments. Each tube was diluted in DMSO4, DMSO6, DMSO8, DMSO10, and DMSO12. The semen of each treatment was loaded into a 0.25 mL straw and equilibrated at 5 °C for 2 h. Freeze above nitrogen vapor and stored a container of liquid nitrogen at -196 °C, then semen thawed in a water bath at 37 °C for 30 sec. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA Analysis. Results of this showed that post-equilibration sperm motility and sperm viability have differed significantly (P<0.05) for each treatment, with the highest % sperm motility DMSO8 and DMSO6, this is also shown in post-thawing sperm motility and viability which have differed significantly (P<0.05) and the highest % sperm viability were DMSO8 and DMSO6. In conclusion, Frozen semen extender formulation of DMSO8 and DMSO6 which are used in manila duck semen cryopreservation was the best to other treatments to maintain % sperm motility and % sperm viability in post-equilibration and post-thawing. The highest sperm motility recovery rate was in DMSO8. The lowest sperm live and dead abnormality was in DMSO8 . It is concluded that the combination of DMSO8 was the best in maintaining the quality of manila duck frozen semen.

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          Major regulatory mechanisms involved in sperm motility

          The genetic bases and molecular mechanisms involved in the assembly and function of the flagellum components as well as in the regulation of the flagellar movement are not fully understood, especially in humans. There are several causes for sperm immotility, of which some can be avoided and corrected, whereas other are related to genetic defects and deserve full investigation to give a diagnosis to patients. This review was performed after an extensive literature search on the online databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. Here, we review the involvement of regulatory pathways responsible for sperm motility, indicating possible causes for sperm immotility. These included the calcium pathway, the cAMP-dependent protein kinase pathway, the importance of kinases and phosphatases, the function of reactive oxygen species, and how the regulation of cell volume and osmolarity are also fundamental components. We then discuss main gene defects associated with specific morphological abnormalities. Finally, we slightly discuss some preventive and treatments approaches to avoid development of conditions that are associated with unspecified sperm immotility. We believe that in the near future, with the development of more powerful techniques, the genetic causes of sperm immotility and the regulatory mechanisms of sperm motility will be better understand, thus enabling to perform a full diagnosis and uncover new therapies.
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            Cryopreservation: An Overview of Principles and Cell-Specific Considerations

            The origins of low-temperature tissue storage research date back to the late 1800s. Over half a century later, osmotic stress was revealed to be a main contributor to cell death during cryopreservation. Consequently, the addition of cryoprotective agents (CPAs) such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), glycerol (GLY), ethylene glycol (EG), or propylene glycol (PG), although toxic to cells at high concentrations, was identified as a necessary step to protect against rampant cell death during cryopreservation. In addition to osmotic stress, cooling and thawing rates were also shown to have significant influence on cell survival during low temperature storage. In general, successful low-temperature cell preservation consists of the addition of a CPA (commonly 10% DMSO), alone or in combination with additional permeating or non-permeating agents, cooling rates of approximately 1ºC/min, and storage in either liquid or vapor phase nitrogen. In addition to general considerations, cell-specific recommendations for hepatocytes, pancreatic islets, sperm, oocytes, and stem cells should be observed to maximize yields. For example, rapid cooling is associated with better cryopreservation outcomes for oocytes, pancreatic islets, and embryonic stem cells while slow cooling is recommended for cryopreservation of hepatocytes, hematopoietic stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells. Yields can be further maximized by implementing additional pre-cryo steps such as: pre-incubation with glucose and anti-oxidants, alginate encapsulation, and selecting cells within an optimal age range and functional ability. Finally, viability and functional assays are critical steps in determining the quality of the cells post-thaw and improving the efficiency of the current cryopreservation methods.
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              Implication of apoptosis in sperm cryoinjury.

              Apoptosis is an ongoing physiological phenomenon that has been documented to play a role in male infertility, if deregulated. Caspase activation, externalization of phosphatidylserine, alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA fragmentation are markers of apoptosis found in ejaculated human spermatozoa. These markers appear in excess in subfertile men and functionally incompetent spermatozoa. Sperm cryopreservation is a widely used procedure in the context of assisted reproductive techniques. Cryopreservation and thawing is a procedure that inflicts irreversible injury on human spermatozoa. The damage is manifested by a decrease in recovery of viable spermatozoa with optimum fertilization potential. This review describes the implication of apoptosis as one of the possible mechanisms involved in sperm cryoinjury. Evidence shows significant increase in some apoptosis markers following cryopreservation and thawing. On the other hand, the increase in sperm DNA fragmentation following cryopreservation and thawing requires further investigation. Specific technical measures should be applied to minimize the induction of apoptosis in human spermatozoa during cryopreservation and thawing. These include standardization of freezing protocols and cryoprotectant use. Selection of non-apoptotic spermatozoa may also prove to be of benefit. Copyright © 2010 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editingRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Methodology
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysis
                Journal
                Anim Reprod
                Anim Reprod
                ar
                Animal Reproduction
                Colégio Brasileiro de Reprodução Animal
                1806-9614
                1984-3143
                02 December 2024
                2024
                : 21
                : 4
                : e20230015
                Affiliations
                [1 ] originalUniversitas San Pedro, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Major of Biology, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
                [2 ] originalBogor Agricultural University, School of Veterinary and Biomedical Medicine, Major of Reproductive Biology, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
                [3 ] originalUniversitas Nusa Cendana, Faculty of Animal Science, Major of Animal Science, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: siporatelnoni@ 123456yahoo.co.id

                Conflicts of interest: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0929-3730
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1499-458X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7478-9433
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4610-2841
                Article
                arAO20230015_EN 00209
                10.1590/1984-3143-AR2023-0015
                11614135
                39629011
                4551025c-df4b-4253-b295-87410f38379d

                Copyright © The Author(s). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 23 January 2023
                : 14 August 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 4, Equations: 0, References: 45
                Funding
                Funded by: Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and the Technology Republic of Indonesia
                Award ID: 0267/E5/AK.04/2022
                Financial support: HSA received funding for this research from a Research Grant for a Junior Lecturer from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and the Technology Republic of Indonesia (grant numbers 0267/E5/AK.04/2022 in April 2022).
                Categories
                Original Article

                manila duck,frozen semen,cryopreservation,astaxanthin,dmso
                manila duck, frozen semen, cryopreservation, astaxanthin, dmso

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