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      Síndrome metabólico y otros modificadores de riesgo cardiovascular en adultos hipertensos de 65 o menos años de edad Translated title: Metabolic syndrome and other cardiovascular risk modifiers in hypertensive adults aged 65 or younger

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Objetivos: Describir la prevalencia de síndrome metabólico, de cada uno de sus componentes y de otros modificadores del riesgo cardiovascular (RCV) en hipertensos ≤ 65 años, así como analizar su relación con el grado de control de la presión arterial (PA). Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo observacional transversal realizado en 267 adultos de ≤ 65 años, diagnosticados de hipertensión arterial (criterios Guías Europeas hipertensión y riesgo cardiovascular), atendidos en consultas de medicina de familia de cuatro Zonas Básicas de Salud. La variable principal fue la presencia de síndrome metabólico (ATPIII/AHA-2004). Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, problemas de salud, consumo de fármacos, cumplimiento terapéutico, actividad física (IPAQ-breve y BPAAT), consumo de tabaco, determinaciones analíticas, riesgo cardiovascular, cifras de presión arterial y su grado de control. Resultados: Edad media 56,7 años (DE: 6,6). La prevalencia de síndrome metabólico fue del 40,4% (IC95%: 34,4%-46,5%). Un 76,8% mostró obesidad abdominal, 36,7% hipertrigliceridemia, 25,8% c-HDL disminuido y 26,2% hiperglucemia. El 55,8% presentaba dislipemia, 54,3% obesidad, 24,7% diabetes y 21,3% fumaba. Un 40,2% (IC95%: 33,9%-45,8%) no mostró adecuado control de PA. Mediante regresión logística, fueron variables asociadas a inadecuado control de presión arterial: menor puntuación cuestionario-BPAAT (OR:1,19; p=0,027), menor número de problemas de salud (OR:1,20; p=0,009), incumplimiento terapéutico (OR:1,93; p=0,043) y síndrome metabólico (OR:2,85; p<0,001). Conclusiones: Más de un tercio de hipertensos adultos presentan síndrome metabólico y tres cuartos obesidad abdominal. El síndrome metabólico no sólo es un factor modificador de RCV, sino que también se debe considerar en el control de la PA en adultos hipertensos junto con el cumplimiento terapéutico, la comorbilidad y la actividad física.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Objectives: To describe the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, of each of its components, and of other cardiovascular risk (CVR) modifiers in hypertensive patients ≤ 65 years of age, as well as to analyze its relationship with the degree of control of blood pressure (BP). Material y métodos: Descriptive cross-sectional observational study carried out in 267 adults aged ≤ 65 years, diagnosed with arterial hypertension (European Guidelines criteria for hypertension and cardiovascular risk), seen in family medicine consultations in four Basic Health Zones. The main variable was the presence of metabolic syndrome (ATPIII / AHA-2004). Sociodemographic variables, health problems, drug consumption, therapeutic compliance, physical activity (IPAQ-brief and BPAAT), tobacco consumption, analytical determinations, cardiovascular risk, blood pressure readings and their degree of control were collected. Resultados: Average age 56.7 years (SD: 6.6). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 40.4% (95% CI: 34.4%-46.5%). 76.8% showed abdominal obesity, 36.7% hypertriglyceridemia, 25.8% decreased HDL-c, and 26.2% hyperglycemia. 55.8% had dyslipidemia, 54.3% obesity, 24.7% diabetes, and 21.3% smoked. 40.2% (95% CI: 33.9%-45.8%) did not show adequate BP control. Using logistic regression, variables associated with inadequate blood pressure control were: lower BPAAT-questionnaire score (OR: 1.19; p = 0.027), fewer health problems (OR: 1.20; p = 0.009), therapy non-compliance (OR: 1.93; p = 0.043) and metabolic syndrome (OR: 2.85; p<0.001). Conclusions: More than one third of hypertensive adults have metabolic syndrome and three quarters have abdominal obesity. Metabolic syndrome is not only a modifying factor of CVR, but it should also be considered in the control of BP in hypertensive adults along with therapeutic compliance, comorbidity and physical activity.

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          Most cited references48

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          Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)

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            2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: The Sixth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of 10 societies and by invited experts)Developed with the special contribution of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation (EACPR).

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              Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease Using Risk Factor Categories

              The objective of this study was to examine the association of Joint National Committee (JNC-V) blood pressure and National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) cholesterol categories with coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, to incorporate them into coronary prediction algorithms, and to compare the discrimination properties of this approach with other noncategorical prediction functions. This work was designed as a prospective, single-center study in the setting of a community-based cohort. The patients were 2489 men and 2856 women 30 to 74 years old at baseline with 12 years of follow-up. During the 12 years of follow-up, a total of 383 men and 227 women developed CHD, which was significantly associated with categories of blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol (all P or =130/85). The corresponding multivariable-adjusted attributable risk percent associated with elevated total cholesterol (> or =200 mg/dL) was 27% in men and 34% in women. Recommended guidelines of blood pressure, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol effectively predict CHD risk in a middle-aged white population sample. A simple coronary disease prediction algorithm was developed using categorical variables, which allows physicians to predict multivariate CHD risk in patients without overt CHD.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                albacete
                Revista Clínica de Medicina de Familia
                Rev Clin Med Fam
                Sociedad Castellano-Manchega de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria (Albacete, Castilla La Mancha, Spain )
                1699-695X
                2386-8201
                2020
                : 13
                : 3
                : 180-189
                Affiliations
                [1] Albacete orgnameServicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha orgdiv1Gerencia de Atención Integrada de Albacete España
                [2] Albacete orgnameServicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha orgdiv1Gerencia de Atención Integrada de Albacete España
                [3] Hellín orgnameServicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha orgdiv1Gerencia de Atención Integrada de Hellín (Albacete) España
                Article
                S1699-695X2020000300180 S1699-695X(20)01300300180
                455f582b-2396-4387-92db-331b4eed7c3f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 20 April 2020
                : 30 April 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 48, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                Hypertension,Hipertensión,Síndrome Metabólico,Primary Health Care,Metabolic Syndrome,Atención Primaria de Salud

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