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      Educación de pares como estrategia de prevención de la infección por el VIH en adolescentes: referentes teóricos y metodológicos Translated title: Peer Education as a Prevention Strategy against HIY Infection in Adolescents: Methodological and Theoretical Framework Translated title: Educação de pares como estrategia de prevenção da infecção pelo vírus VIH em adolescentes: referentes teóricos e metodológicos

      research-article
      1 , 2 , 2
      Revista Gerencia y Políticas de Salud
      Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
      population education, sexuality, adolescent, HTV infection, primary prevention, training, Gender relationships, sexual health, prevention education, peer education, educação da população, sexualidade, adolescente, infecções pelo VIH, prevenção primária, capacitação, Relações de gênero, epidemiologia, saúde sexual, educação para prevenção, educação por pares, educación de la población, sexualidad, adolescente, infecciones por VIH, prevención primaria, capacitación, Relaciones de género, epidemiología, salud sexual, educación para la prevención, educación por pares

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          Abstract

          Introducción: El VIH/SIDA se ha convertido en un obstáculo para el progreso humano, económico y social; afecta con mayor ímpetu a las minorías étnicas, a las poblaciones de extrema pobreza y, en especial, a los jóvenes. Objetivo: exponer las bases teóricas y metodológicas encontradas en la literatura especializada que avalan la educación de pares como estrategia de prevención del VIH/SIDA en jóvenes. Metodología: revisión bibliográfica. Resultados: se presentan las concepciones teóricas sobre el comportamiento y el desarrollo de los adolescentes y los referentes metodológicos de formación y entrenamiento de educadores de pares. Conclusiones: la educación de pares es una estrategia generada por jóvenes para jóvenes, quienes aprenden de sus propias experiencias, y que les permite adquirir saberes y, en asociación con otros, planear e implementar proyectos, al tiempo que perciben sus relaciones, mientras reciben y proporcionan retroalimentación.

          Translated abstract

          Summary. HIV/AIDS pandemic has become a barrier against human, economical, and political advance. Moreover, it mainly affects populations conformed by ethnic minorities, the poorest, and young people. Objective. To expose methodological and theoretical findings from specialized literature, demonstrating the valué of peer education as a prevention strategy among young people. Methodology. Bibliographical searches. Results. Some concepts and theories about the development and behavior of adolescents, and methodological referents about training and performance/planning of educators for peer projects, point to it as a useful weapon for preventing HIV/AIDS. Conclusions. Peer education is a strategy created by young people for young people. It provides them empowering and skiUs in valúes training, wherein they, in association with others, can plan and develop their own projects, while perceiving their relationships, getting and providing feedback, and learning about their experiences.

          Translated abstract

          Introdução: O VIH/SIDA tem se convertido num obstáculo para o progresso humano, econômico e social. Afeta com maior ímpeto às minorías étnicas, as populações de extremada pobreza e, em especial, os jovens. Objetivo: expor as bases teóricas e metodológicas encontradas na literatura especializada que avaliam a educação de pares como estratégia de prevenção do VIH/SIDA em jovens. Metodología: revisão bibliográfica. Resultados: apresentam-se as concepções teóricas sobre o comportamento e desenvolvimento dos adolescentes e os referentes metodológicos de formação e treino de educadores de pares. Conclusões: a educação de pares é urna estratégia gerada por jovens para jovens, quem apreendem das suas próprias experiências, o que lhes permite adquirir saberes e, em associo com outrem, planejar e implementar projetos, ao mesmo tempo que perceberem suas relações, receberem e proporcionarem retroalimentação.

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          Most cited references98

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          Peer relationships and social competence during early and middle childhood.

          Gary Ladd (1998)
          This review demarcates major periods of empirical activity and accomplishment (i.e. "generations") in research on children's peer relations and social competence during recent decades and identifies the investigative agendas that were dominant or ascendant during these periods. A sampling of studies that were conducted during the most recent generation of peer relations research is organized and reviewed in relation to two types of research objectives: (a) enduring agendas--aims from past research generations that have continued to serve as an impetus for empirical investigation during the 1990s--and (b) innovative agendas--newly emergent objectives that are predicated on novel conceptual issues or ongoing research controversies and deficiencies. This profile of continuity and change in investigators' research agendas provides a platform for delineating and analyzing recent empirical accomplishments in the field of peer relations research.
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            A critique of research on sexual-minority youths.

            Developmental scientists should seriously reconsider traditional empirical and theoretical paradigms that narrowly define sexual-minority adolescents in terms of those who adopt a culturally defined sexual identity label. A broader consideration of youth populations who have same-sex desires but who might not necessarily identify as gay, lesbian or bisexual, lead one to a very different understanding of sexual-minority youths than is apparent in most published studies. First, they are in most regards just like all other adolescents with similar developmental needs and concerns. Second, they are not a homogeneous group but vary among themselves in predictable ways. Third, this expanded definition allows us to conclude that same-sex attraction per se does not lead to pathology or to problematic behavior such as drug abuse, suicide, prostitution or HIV infection. Indeed, researchers and clinicians should focus on the resiliency that often characterizes sexual-minority youths. Copyright 2001 The Association for Professionals in Services for Adolescents.
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              Systematic review of the effectiveness of mass communication programs to change HIV/AIDS-related behaviors in developing countries.

              This review systematically examined the effectiveness of 24 mass media interventions on changing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. The intervention studies were published from 1990 through 2004, reported data from developing countries and compared outcomes using (i) pre- and post-intervention data, (ii) treatment versus control (comparison) groups or (iii) post-intervention data across levels of exposure. The most frequently reported outcomes were condom use (17 studies) and knowledge of modes of HIV transmission (15), followed by reduction in high-risk sexual behavior (eight), perceived risk of contracting HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (six), interpersonal communication about AIDS or condom use (six), self-efficacy to negotiate condom use (four) and abstaining from sexual relations (three). The results yielded mixed results, and where statistically significant, the effect size was small to moderate (in some cases as low as 1-2% point increase). On two of the seven outcomes, at least half of the studies did show a positive impact of the mass media: knowledge of HIV transmission and reduction in high-risk sexual behavior. Further rigorous evaluation on comprehensive programs is required to provide a more definitive answer to the question of media effects on HIV/AIDS-related behavior in developing countries.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rgps
                Revista Gerencia y Políticas de Salud
                Rev. Gerenc. Polit. Salud
                Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (Bogotá )
                1657-7027
                January 2011
                : 10
                : 20
                : 47-66
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad Nacional de Colombia Colombia
                [2 ] Universidad Nacional de Colombia Colombia
                Article
                S1657-70272011000100004
                457c6e5b-67dd-422e-be70-5d91f1357a03

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1657-7027&lng=en
                Categories
                PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

                Public health
                population education,sexuality,adolescent,HTV infection,primary prevention,training,Gender relationships,sexual health,prevention education,peer education,educação da população,sexualidade,adolescente,infecções pelo VIH,prevenção primária,capacitação,Relações de gênero,epidemiologia,saúde sexual,educação para prevenção,educação por pares,educación de la población,sexualidad,infecciones por VIH,prevención primaria,capacitación,Relaciones de género,epidemiología,salud sexual,educación para la prevención,educación por pares

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