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      Dendrimer-stabilized smart-nanoparticle (DSSN) platform for targeted delivery of hydrophobic antitumor therapeutics

      , , ,
      Pharmaceutical Research
      Springer Nature

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          State-of-the-art in design rules for drug delivery platforms: lessons learned from FDA-approved nanomedicines.

          The ability to efficiently deliver a drug to a tumor site is dependent on a wide range of physiologically imposed design constraints. Nanotechnology provides the possibility of creating delivery vehicles where these design constraints can be decoupled, allowing new approaches for reducing the unwanted side effects of systemic delivery, increasing targeting efficiency and efficacy. Here we review the design strategies of the two FDA-approved antibody-drug conjugates (Brentuximab vedotin and Trastuzumab emtansine) and the four FDA-approved nanoparticle-based drug delivery platforms (Doxil, DaunoXome, Marqibo, and Abraxane) in the context of the challenges associated with systemic targeted delivery of a drug to a solid tumor. The lessons learned from these nanomedicines provide an important insight into the key challenges associated with the development of new platforms for systemic delivery of anti-cancer drugs. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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            A novel assay to measure loss of plasma membrane asymmetry during apoptosis of adherent cells in culture.

            Early during the process of apoptosis, cells lose their phospholipid membrane asymmetry and expose phosphatidylserine (PS) at the cell surface while maintaining their plasma membrane integrity intact. This process can be monitored for suspended cell types by using annexin V-FITC, which is a Ca(2+)-dependent, phospholipid-binding protein with high affinity for PS, and flow cytometry. If adherent cell types are to be studied for this apoptosis-associated phenomenon, then a problem is encountered, in that specific membrane damage occurs during harvesting. In this paper, a flow cytometric-based method is described that allows the measurement of loss of phospholipid asymmetry during apoptosis of adherent cells in culture. The method relies on the phospholipid binding property of biotinylated annexin V. Furthermore, the use of this conjugate allows tricolor flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis. Employing the method to MR65 cells, which were initiated by olomoucine to enter apoptosis, it is shown that PS exposure occurs early after the onset of apoptosis and, at the prevalent time-resolution, that PS exposure is accompanied by loss of both cytokeratin and DNA. The annexin V+ cells appear as a characteristic sub-G1 peak in the DNA histogram.
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              Annexins: the problem of assessing the biological role for a gene family of multifunctional calcium- and phospholipid-binding proteins.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Pharmaceutical Research
                Pharm Res
                Springer Nature
                0724-8741
                1573-904X
                March 2015
                September 10 2014
                March 2015
                : 32
                : 3
                : 910-928
                Article
                10.1007/s11095-014-1506-0
                457cbf65-7211-4d7f-87d9-4d8414c0cf82
                © 2015
                History

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