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      Genetic and genomic resources of sorghum to connect genotype with phenotype in contrasting environments

      1 , 2 , 2 , 3 , 2 , 3
      The Plant Journal
      Wiley

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          The Sorghum bicolor genome and the diversification of grasses.

          Sorghum, an African grass related to sugar cane and maize, is grown for food, feed, fibre and fuel. We present an initial analysis of the approximately 730-megabase Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench genome, placing approximately 98% of genes in their chromosomal context using whole-genome shotgun sequence validated by genetic, physical and syntenic information. Genetic recombination is largely confined to about one-third of the sorghum genome with gene order and density similar to those of rice. Retrotransposon accumulation in recombinationally recalcitrant heterochromatin explains the approximately 75% larger genome size of sorghum compared with rice. Although gene and repetitive DNA distributions have been preserved since palaeopolyploidization approximately 70 million years ago, most duplicated gene sets lost one member before the sorghum-rice divergence. Concerted evolution makes one duplicated chromosomal segment appear to be only a few million years old. About 24% of genes are grass-specific and 7% are sorghum-specific. Recent gene and microRNA duplications may contribute to sorghum's drought tolerance.
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            Prioritizing climate change adaptation needs for food security in 2030.

            Investments aimed at improving agricultural adaptation to climate change inevitably favor some crops and regions over others. An analysis of climate risks for crops in 12 food-insecure regions was conducted to identify adaptation priorities, based on statistical crop models and climate projections for 2030 from 20 general circulation models. Results indicate South Asia and Southern Africa as two regions that, without sufficient adaptation measures, will likely suffer negative impacts on several crops that are important to large food-insecure human populations. We also find that uncertainties vary widely by crop, and therefore priorities will depend on the risk attitudes of investment institutions.
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              Plant phenotypic plasticity in a changing climate.

              Climate change is altering the availability of resources and the conditions that are crucial to plant performance. One way plants will respond to these changes is through environmentally induced shifts in phenotype (phenotypic plasticity). Understanding plastic responses is crucial for predicting and managing the effects of climate change on native species as well as crop plants. Here, we provide a toolbox with definitions of key theoretical elements and a synthesis of the current understanding of the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying plasticity relevant to climate change. By bringing ecological, evolutionary, physiological and molecular perspectives together, we hope to provide clear directives for future research and stimulate cross-disciplinary dialogue on the relevance of phenotypic plasticity under climate change. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                The Plant Journal
                Plant J
                Wiley
                09607412
                January 2019
                January 2019
                December 29 2018
                : 97
                : 1
                : 19-39
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Pee Dee Research and Education Center; Clemson University; 2200 Pocket Rd Florence SC 29506 USA
                [2 ]Advanced Plant Technology Program; Clemson University; 105 Collings St Clemson SC 29634 USA
                [3 ]Department of Plant and Environment Sciences; Clemson University; 171 Poole Agricultural Center Clemson SC 29634 USA
                Article
                10.1111/tpj.14113
                30260043
                45882bbb-4a76-4698-86fa-7a0582d2bc25
                © 2018

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

                http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor

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