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      Research on serotonin and suicidal behavior: neuroendocrine and molecular approaches Translated title: Investigación sobre la serotonina y la conducta suicida: aproximaciones neuroendocrina y molecular Translated title: Recherches sur la sérotonine et le comportement suicidaire: approches neuroendocrinienne et moléculaire

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          Abstract

          We carried out two studies to test the hypothesis that altered central serotonergic function, as assessed by lower prolactin (PRL) response to fenfluramine (D-FEN), is more closely associated with suicidal behavior than a particular psychiatric diagnosis. A D-FEN test was performed in 85 major depressed inpatients, 33 schizophrenic inpatients, and 18 healthy controls. We showed that PRL response to D-FEN is a marker of suicidality, regardless of psychiatric disorder. We then examined the association en the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) receptor 5-HT 2A gene polymorphism (T102C) and suicide in a sample of Brazilian psychiatric inpatients (95 with schizophrenia, 78 with major depression) and 52 healthy controls. No differences were found in genotypic frequencies across patients and controls. Overall, no differences were found between patients with (n=66) and without (n=107) a history of suicide attempt. We also compared patients with a history of severe suicide attempts (lethality>3; n=32) and patients without such a history (n=107), but they did not exhibit different genotypic frequencies either. These results show thai the 5-HT 2A gene polymorphism (T102C) may not be involved in the genetic susceptibility to suicidal behavior.

          Translated abstract

          Nosotros realizamos dos estudíos para probar la hipótesis de la alteración de la función serotoninérgica central -la cual se evalua mediante la menor respuesta de prolactina (PRL) a la d-fenfluramina (D-FEN)- que está más estrechamente asociada con la conducta suicida que con cualquier otro diagnóstico psiquiátrico. Se realizó una prueba de D-FEN en 85 pacientes hospitalizados con depresión mayor, 33 pacientes hospitalizados esquizofrénicos y 18 controles normales. Nosotros mostramos que la respuesta de PRL a D-FEN es un marcador de suicidalidad, independiente del diagnóstico psiquiátrico. Luego examínamos la asociación entre el polimorfismo del gen del receptor de serotonina (5-hidroxitriptamina) 5-HT 2A (T102C) y el suicidio en una muestra de pacientes psiquiátricos brasileños hospitalizados (95 con esquizofrenia, 78 con depresión mayor) y 52 controles sanos. No se encontraron diferencias en las frecuencias de los genotipos entre los pacientes y controles. En conjunto, no se encontraron diferencias entre pacientes con (n=66) y sin (n=107) historia de intentos suicidas. Nosotros también comparamos pacientes con historia de intentos suicidas severos (letalidad >3, n=32) y pacientes sin tal historia (n=107) y no se encontraron frecuencias genotípicas diferentes entre ellos. Estos resultados demuestran que el polimorfismo del gen de 5-HT 2A (T102C) no puede estar involucrado en la susceptibilidad genética a la conducta suicida.

          Translated abstract

          Nous avons mené deux études pour vérifier l'hypothèse selon laquelle l'altération de la fonction sérotoninergique centrale, dont le stigmate est une réponse plus basse de la prolactine (PRL) à la d-fenfluramine (D-FEN), serait plus étroitement associée à un comportement suicidaire qu'à un diagnostic psychiatrique particulier. Un test D-FEN a été réalisé chez des patients hospitalisés, dont 85 étaient atteints de dépression majeure et 33 de schizophrénie, et 18 témoins en bonne santé. Nous avons montré que la réponse de la PRL à la D-FEN est un marqueur de risque suicidaire, indépendamment de toute pathologie psychiatrique. Nous avons alors examiné l'association entre le polymorphisme génétique (T102C) du récepteur 5-HT 2A à la sérotonine (5-hydroxytryptamine) et le suicide dans un échantillon de patients brésiliens hospitalisés atteints de pathologie psychiatrique (35 schizophrènes, 78 atteints de dépression majeure) et 52 témoins en bonne santé. Aucune différence de fréquences génotypiques n'a été observée entre les patients et les témoins. Au total, aucune différence n'a été retrouvée entre les patients avec (n=66) ou sans (n=107) antécédent de tentative de suicide. Nous avons aussi comparé les patients ayant un antécédent grave de tentative de suicide (mortalité > 3; n=32) et les patients sans antécédent de ce type (n=107), mais eux non plus ne présentaient pas de fréquences génotypiques différentes. Ces résultats montrent que le polymorphisme génétique du 5-HT 2A (T102C) peut ne pas être impliqué dans la sensibilité génétique au comportement suicidaire.

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          Most cited references45

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          American Psychiatrie Association

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            5-HIAA in the cerebrospinal fluid. A biochemical suicide predictor?

            The incidence of suicidal acts was studied in 68 depressed patients and related to the level of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the cerebrospinal fluid. The distribution of 5-HIAA levels was bimodal. Patients in the low 5-HIAA mode (below 15 ng/ml) attempted suicide significantly more often than those in the high mode, and they used more violent means. Two of the 20 patients in the low mode, and none of the 48 patients in the high mode died from suicide.
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              Prediction of level of serotonin 2A receptor binding by serotonin receptor 2A genetic variation in postmortem brain samples from subjects who did or did not commit suicide.

              Postmortem studies have indicated that suicide victims have greater serotonin receptor 2A (5-HTR2A) binding in prefrontal brain regions. However, there remains some controversy regarding the biological specificity of these findings. The authors hypothesized that the variance observed in brain 5-HTR2A binding is genetically mediated, at least in part. Postmortem data from 56 subjects who had committed suicide and 126 normal comparison subjects were studied; brain tissue was available from 11 subjects who committed suicide and 11 comparison subjects. Homogenate binding assays were carried out with [3H]ketanserin. Variation at the 5-HTR2A gene (HTR2A) was investigated by means of two polymorphisms: T102C and A-1438G. 5-HTR2A binding was greater in the prefrontal cortex of the subjects who committed suicide. In addition, the findings suggest that HTR2A variation significantly affects 5-HTR2A binding. However, no interaction between suicidal behavior and this locus was observed. These results confirm previous reports of greater 5-HTR2A binding in subjects who committed suicide; they also provide preliminary evidence suggesting that the number of 5-HTR2A receptors is genetically mediated.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil; Serviço de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil.
                Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil; Serviço de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
                FORENAP (Research Institute for Neuroscience and Neuropsychiatry)
                Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
                Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
                FORENAP (Research Institute for Neuroscience and Neuropsychiatry)
                Journal
                Dialogues Clin Neurosci
                Dialogues Clin Neurosci
                Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience
                Les Laboratoires Servier (France )
                1294-8322
                1958-5969
                December 2002
                December 2002
                : 4
                : 4
                : 408-416
                Affiliations
                Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil; Serviço de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil.
                Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil; Serviço de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
                FORENAP (Research Institute for Neuroscience and Neuropsychiatry)
                Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
                Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
                FORENAP (Research Institute for Neuroscience and Neuropsychiatry)
                Author notes
                Article
                3181689
                22034390
                458bcb81-9094-419f-aee9-ff2b72b38764
                Copyright: © 2002 LLS

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Categories
                Basic Research

                Neurosciences
                genetic susceptibility,schizophrenia,suicidal behavior,serotonin,depression
                Neurosciences
                genetic susceptibility, schizophrenia, suicidal behavior, serotonin, depression

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