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      Desplazamiento de implantes mamarios: revisión de la literatura y propuesta de clasificación Translated title: Breast implant displacement, a review of literature and classification proposal

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción y objetivo. Las complicaciones asociadas a la cirugía mamaria con implantes son un potencial problema de seguridad por su elevada incidencia. El desplazamiento de los implantes es una de estas complicaciones y causa frecuentes de revisión. Sin embargo, no existe información precisa sobre la epidemiologia y características de esta condición. El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar la literatura científica al respecto y plantear una clasificación. Material y método. Revisión de la literatura con las palabras clave: desplazamiento implantes, complicaciones e implantes mamarios, en busca de publicaciones sobre complicaciones en cirugía mamaria con implantes en donde se incluya el desplazamiento y los factores asociados a este y proponer una clasificación del desplazamiento de los implantes mamarios. Resultados. Identificamos 186 publicaciones de las que 8 cumplieron criterios de inclusión, reuniendo 29.917 pacientes con rango de edad entre 14 y 77 años y un periodo de seguimiento entre 0.1 a 34 años. El 97.55% de los implantes eran de silicona, 1% de solución salina y 1% sin información. La superficie fue lisa en el 19.01% y texturizada en el 79.63%. El plano subglandular fue utilizado entre el 5.7% al 73.3% de los casos, el subpectoral entre el 5.4% y el 80%, el subfascial en 1 estudio con 725 casos, y el plano dual en 2 estudios con 16.7% y 56.6%. El volumen de los implantes fue de entre 50 a 800 cc. El desplazamiento se encontró entre el 0.3% hasta el 16.6% con un promedio del 5.26% Conclusiones. Encontramos heterogeneidad en el diagnóstico y presentación de los resultados. No hay descripción sobre la definición ni determinación del desplazamiento. Se bien se atribuye al desplazamiento de los implantes el ser una de las primeras causas de cirugía de revisión, no hay suficientes estudios que determinen la frecuencia de presentación y los factores asociados. Es necesaria una clasificación del desplazamiento para estandarizar los hallazgos y mejorar la calidad de los estudios.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Background and objective. Complications related to implant-based breast surgery are a potential safety issue due to its high incidence. Implant displacement is one of these complications that has been associated to frequent revision surgery. However, there is a lack of information about the characteristics and epidemiology of this condition. The aim of this study is to research in the scientific literature and propose a displacement classification. Methods. A literature review was done by using the keywords: Implant displacement, complications and breast implants, looking for publications about complications in breast surgery including implant displacement and the associated factors. Results. We found 186 publications of which 8 were included, with a total of 29.917 patients, age ranged from 14 to 77 and a follow up time from 0.1 to 34 years; 97.55% were silicone implants, 1% saline and 1% with no information. The smooth surface was used in 19.01% and textured in 79.63%. Subglandular approach was used from 5.7% to 73.3% of the cases, subpectoral from 5.4% to 80%, subfascial plane was used in 725 subjects in 1 study, and dual plane was used in 2 studies with 16.7% and 56.6%. Implant size was reported from 50 up to 800 cc. The reported displacement was between 0.3 up to 16.6% with a mean of 5.26% Conclusions. There is heterogeneity in the diagnosis and the reported outcomes, and a lack of a standard definition and diagnosis of the displacement. Implant displacement has been accused of being one of the first causes for revision in breast surgery, however, there is a lack of clinical studies that estimate the frequency of presentation and the related factors. A classification tool to assess the displacement is critical to standardize the outcomes and improve the quality of the studies.

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          Most cited references21

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          Complications leading to surgery after breast implantation.

          Local complications that require additional surgical procedures are an important problem for women with breast implants. We studied 749 women who lived in Olmsted County, Minnesota, and received a first breast implant at the Mayo Clinic between 1964 and 1991. We identified complications that occurred after the initial procedure and after any subsequent implantation. A complication was defined as a surgical procedure performed for any of the following reasons: capsular contracture; rupture of the implant; hematoma or bleeding; infection or seroma of the wound; chronic pain; extrusion, leakage, or sweating of the implant; necrosis of the nipple, areola, or flap; malfunction of the filler port of a tissue expander; and wound dehiscence. During follow-up (mean, 7.8 years; range, 0 to 25.8), 208 (27.8 percent) of the women underwent 450 additional implant-related surgical procedures. Ninety-one (20.2 percent) were anticipated, staged procedures or were done because the patient requested a size change or aesthetic improvement, and 359 procedures (79.8 percent) had at least one clinical indication (thus constituting a complication). Complications occurred in 178 (23.8 percent) of the 749 women and involved 274 (18.8 percent) of the 1454 breasts with implants and 321 (18.8 percent) of the 1703 implants. The most frequent problem was capsular contraction (272 cases), followed by rupture of the implant (60), hematoma (55), and wound infection (23). The rate of complications was significantly lower (P<0.001) among women with cosmetic implants (6.5 percent at one year, 12 percent at five years) than among women who underwent implantation after mastectomy for breast cancer (21.8 percent at one year, 34 percent at five years) or prophylactic mastectomy (17.3 percent at one year, 30.4 percent at five years). Women who have had breast implantation frequently experience local complications during the subsequent five years. Complications were significantly less frequent among patients who received implants for cosmetic reasons than among those who received implants after mastectomy for cancer or for cancer prophylaxis.
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            A retrospective analysis of 3,000 primary aesthetic breast augmentations: postoperative complications and associated factors.

            A large retrospective analysis was performed on a homogeneous group of patients undergoing primary aesthetic breast augmentations to define complication rates and find associated factors.
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              Breast Augmentation

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cpil
                Cirugía Plástica Ibero-Latinoamericana
                Cir. plást. iberolatinoam.
                Sociedad Española de Cirugía Plástica, Reparadora y Estética (SECPRE) (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0376-7892
                1989-2055
                September 2021
                : 47
                : 3
                : 239-246
                Affiliations
                [3] Cali orgnameCentro Quirúrgico de la Belleza Colombia
                [2] Cali Valle del Cauca orgnameUniversidad del Valle Colombia
                [1] Cali Valle del Cauca orgnameUniversidad del Valle Colombia
                [4] Cali Valle del Cauca orgnameUniversidad del Valle Colombia
                Article
                S0376-78922021000300003 S0376-7892(21)04700300003
                10.4321/s0376-78922021000300003
                45a645ee-cf7b-45c5-a4b5-bab157eba339

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 21 May 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 21, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Cirugía Mamaria

                Complications,Breast implants,Desplazamiento implantes,Complicaciones,Implantes mamarios,Implant displacement

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