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      Prácticas alimentarias del alumnado de secundaria durante la jornada escolar en Andalucía asociadas a la oferta del entorno Translated title: Dietary habits of secondary school students in Andalusia during school time in relation to food stores in the environment

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Fundamento El análisis del contexto ambiental es imprescindible para estudiar las prácticas alimentarias en adolescentes. Se describen las prácticas alimentarias durante la jornada escolar del alumnado usuario de los comercios de alimentos circundantes a los centros de educación secundaria en Andalucía y las características de los mismos. Métodos Estudio descriptivo transversal, sobre una muestra de 8068 estudiantes y 95 centros de secundaria. Muestreo aleatorio polietápico por conglomerado: estratificado por provincia y tamaño de hábitat y sistemático por aulas. El tipo de establecimiento, oferta alimentaria, distancia y visualización desde el centro y demanda del alumnado se realizó mediante observación directa y entrevistas, y las características socio-demográficas y las prácticas alimentarias a través de cuestionario. Resultados Los centros tienen establecimientos cercanos con oferta alimentaria dirigida al alumnado (72,63%). Predominan bares y cafeterías (55), tiendas de comestibles (54) y quioscos de chucherías (23). La oferta de chucherías, bollería y bocadillos se constata en todos los establecimientos. El 25,73% del alumnado compra su merienda escolar en estos comercios, encontrando relaciones significativas en el consumo de golosinas y paquetes de fritos envasados frente al alumnado que no sale del instituto durante la hora del recreo. Conclusiones El número y las características de la oferta de los establecimientos circundantes a los centros educativos obligan a profundizar en la influencia sobre las prácticas alimentarias del alumnado para establecer medidas de salud pública que controlen la oferta insalubre detectada.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Background The analysis of the environmental context is indispensable to study the eating habits in adolescents. Feeding practices during the school day the students user surrounding grocery stores of secondary schools in Andalusia and their characteristics are described. Methods Descriptive cross-sectional study of 8068 students and 95 secondary schools. Multistage cluster sampling: Stratified random sampling by province and population size and systematic for classrooms. The analysis of the type of store, food supply, distance and visualization from the school and students´ demands was conducted by direct observation and interviews. The socio-demographic characteristics and feeding practices were got through questionnaire. Results The schools are surrounded by shops in which the food supply is aimed at students (72, 63 %). Pubs and cafeterias (55), grocery stores and tuck shops predominate. The presence of sweets, processed baked goods and sandwiches is confirmed in all the stores. 25.73% of students buy their school meals in these shops. There are statistically significant relationships between the consumption of sweets and fried packaged packages and to go out the high school during the playground. Conclusions The number and characteristics of the stores surrounding the schools require studying its influence over students eating habits in order to establish public health measures to control the detected unhealthy supply.

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          The built environment and obesity: a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence.

          We completed a systematic search of the epidemiologic literature on built environment and obesity and identified 63 relevant papers, which were then evaluated for the quality of between-study evidence. We were able to classify studies into one of two primary approaches for defining place and corresponding geographic areas of influence: those based on contextual effects derived from shared pre-determined administrative units and those based on individually unique geographic buffers. The 22 contextual papers evaluated 80 relations, 38 of which did not achieve statistical significance. The 15 buffer papers evaluated 40 relations, 24 of which did not achieve statistical significance. There was very little between-study similarity in methods in both types of approaches, which prevented estimation of pooled effects. The great heterogeneity across studies limits what can be learned from this body of evidence. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            Neighborhoods and obesity.

            This review critically summarizes the literature on neighborhood determinants of obesity and proposes a conceptual framework to guide future inquiry. Thirty-seven studies met all inclusion criteria and revealed that the influence of neighborhood-level factors appears mixed. Neighborhood-level measures of economic resources were associated with obesity in 15 studies, while the associations between neighborhood income inequality and racial composition with obesity were mixed. Availability of healthy versus unhealthy food was inconsistently related to obesity, while neighborhood features that discourage physical activity were consistently associated with increased body mass index. Theoretical explanations for neighborhood-obesity effects and recommendations for strengthening the literature are presented.
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              The IDEFICS cohort: design, characteristics and participation in the baseline survey.

              The European IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of dietary- and lifestyle-induced health effects in children and infants) study was set up to determine the aetiology of overweight, obesity and related disorders in children, and to develop and evaluate a tailored primary prevention programme. This paper focuses on the aetiological element of the multicentre study, the measures and examinations, sociodemographic characteristics of the study sample and proportions of participation. Prospective cohort study with an embedded intervention study that started with a baseline survey in eight countries in 2007-2008. Baseline participants of the prospective cohort study were 16,224 children aged 2-9 years. Parents reported sociodemographic, behavioural, medical, nutritional and other lifestyle data for their children and families. Examinations of children included anthropometry, blood pressure, fitness, accelerometry, DNA from saliva and physiological markers in blood and urine. The built environment, sensory taste perception and other mechanisms of children's food choices and consumer behaviour were studied in subgroups. Between 1507 and 2567, children with a mean age of 6.0 years and an even sex distribution were recruited from each country. Of them, 82% lived in two-parent families. The distribution of standardised income levels differed by study sample, with low-income groups being strongly represented in Cyprus, Italy and Germany. At least one 24-h dietary recall was obtained for two-thirds of the children. Blood pressure and anthropometry were assessed in more than 90%. A 3-day accelerometry was performed in 46%, motor fitness was assessed in 41%, cardiorespiratory fitness in 35% and ∼11% participated in taste perception tests. The proportion of children donating venous blood, urine and saliva was 57, 86 and 88%, respectively. The IDEFICS cohort provides valuable data to investigate the interplay of social, environmental, genetic, physiological and behavioural factors in the development of major diet- and lifestyle-related disorders affecting children at present.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                eg
                Enfermería Global
                Enferm. glob.
                Universidad de Murcia (Murcia, Murcia, Spain )
                1695-6141
                April 2017
                : 16
                : 46
                : 94-119
                Affiliations
                [1] Andalucía orgnameUniversidad de Huelva orgdiv1Departamento de Enfermería Spain fmgarcia@ 123456uhu.es
                [2] orgnameDistrito Sanitario Málaga orgdiv1Unidad de Gestión Clínica Ciudad Jardín España
                [3] orgnameDistrito Sanitario Jaén-Sur. orgdiv1Unidad de Gestión Clínica Martos España
                [4] orgnameÁrea de Gestión Sanitaria Sur de Sevilla orgdiv1Unidades de Gestión Clínica Montequinto, Olivar de Quinto y El Campo de las Beatas España
                Article
                S1695-61412017000200094
                10.6018/eglobal.16.2.239881
                462a5c00-dc0c-4208-8754-76c3bdd59784

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 October 2015
                : 18 December 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 19, Pages: 26
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                food education,teenager,Educación secundaria,promoción de la salud,educación alimentaria,hábitos alimentarios,adolescentes,Diet,Secondary Education,health promotion,eating habits

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