Comparative Lipidomics and Proteomics of Lipid Droplets in the Mesocarp and Seed Tissues of Chinese Tallow (Triadica sebifera)

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Abstract

Lipid droplets (LDs) are composed of a monolayer of phospholipids (PLs), surrounding a core of non-polar lipids that consist mostly of triacylglycerols (TAGs) and to a lesser extent diacylglycerols. In this study, lipidome analysis illustrated striking differences in non-polar lipids and PL species between LDs derived from Triadica sebifera seed kernels and mesocarp. In mesocarp LDs, the most abundant species of TAG contained one C18:1 and two C16:0 and fatty acids, while TAGs containing three C18 fatty acids with higher level of unsaturation were dominant in the seed kernel LDs. This reflects the distinct differences in fatty acid composition of mesocarp (palmitate-rich) and seed-derived oil (α-linoleneate-rich) in T. sebifera. Major PLs in seed LDs were found to be rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, in contrast to those with relatively shorter carbon chain and lower level of unsaturation in mesocarp LDs. The LD proteome analysis in T. sebifera identified 207 proteins from mesocarp, and 54 proteins from seed kernel, which belong to various functional classes including lipid metabolism, transcription and translation, trafficking and transport, cytoskeleton, chaperones, and signal transduction. Oleosin and lipid droplets associated proteins (LDAP) were found to be the predominant proteins associated with LDs in seed and mesocarp tissues, respectively. We also show that LDs appear to be in close proximity to a number of organelles including the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, peroxisomes, and Golgi apparatus. This comparative study between seed and mesocarp LDs may shed some light on the structure of plant LDs and improve our understanding of their functionality and cellular metabolic networks in oleaginous plant tissues.

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THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF DEHYDRATION TOLERANCE IN PLANTS.

J. Ingram, D. BARTELS (1996)

Molecular studies of drought stress in plants use a variety of strategies and include different species subjected to a wide range of water deficits. Initial research has by necessity been largely descriptive, and relevant genes have been identified either by reference to physiological evidence or by differential screening. A large number of genes with a potential role in drought tolerance have been described, and major themes in the molecular response have been established. Particular areas of importance are sugar metabolism and late-embryogenesis-abundant (LEA) proteins. Studies have begun to examine mechanisms that control the gene expression, and putative regulatory pathways have been established. Recent attempts to understand gene function have utilized transgenic plants. These efforts are of clear agronomic importance.

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Seipin regulates ER–lipid droplet contacts and cargo delivery

Veijo Salo, Ilya Belevich, Shiqian Li … (2016)

Abstract Seipin is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein implicated in lipid droplet (LD) biogenesis and mutated in severe congenital lipodystrophy (BSCL2). Here, we show that seipin is stably associated with nascent ER–LD contacts in human cells, typically via one mobile focal point per LD. Seipin appears critical for such contacts since ER–LD contacts were completely missing or morphologically aberrant in seipin knockout and BSCL2 patient cells. In parallel, LD mobility was increased and protein delivery from the ER to LDs to promote LD growth was decreased. Moreover, while growing LDs normally acquire lipid and protein constituents from the ER, this process was compromised in seipin‐deficient cells. In the absence of seipin, the initial synthesis of neutral lipids from exogenous fatty acid was normal, but fatty acid incorporation into neutral lipids in cells with pre‐existing LDs was impaired. Together, our data suggest that seipin helps to connect newly formed LDs to the ER and that by stabilizing ER–LD contacts seipin facilitates the incorporation of protein and lipid cargo into growing LDs in human cells.

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Comparative transcriptome and metabolite analysis of oil palm and date palm mesocarp that differ dramatically in carbon partitioning.

Fabienne Bourgis, Aruna Kilaru, Xia Cao … (2011)

Oil palm can accumulate up to 90% oil in its mesocarp, the highest level observed in the plant kingdom. In contrast, the closely related date palm accumulates almost exclusively sugars. To gain insight into the mechanisms that lead to such an extreme difference in carbon partitioning, the transcriptome and metabolite content of oil palm and date palm were compared during mesocarp development. Compared with date palm, the high oil content in oil palm was associated with much higher transcript levels for all fatty acid synthesis enzymes, specific plastid transporters, and key enzymes of plastidial carbon metabolism, including phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, and pyruvate dehydrogenase. Transcripts representing an ortholog of the WRI1 transcription factor were 57-fold higher in oil palm relative to date palm and displayed a temporal pattern similar to its target genes. Unexpectedly, despite more than a 100-fold difference in flux to lipids, most enzymes of triacylglycerol assembly were expressed at similar levels in oil palm and date palm. Similarly, transcript levels for all but one cytosolic enzyme of glycolysis were comparable in both species. Together, these data point to synthesis of fatty acids and supply of pyruvate in the plastid, rather than acyl assembly into triacylglycerol, as a major control over the storage of oil in the mesocarp of oil palm. In addition to greatly increasing molecular resources devoted to oil palm and date palm, the combination of temporal and comparative studies illustrates how deep sequencing can provide insights into gene expression patterns of two species that lack genome sequence information.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Yao Zhi: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/440602/overview

Matthew C. Taylor: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/217178/overview

Peter M. Campbell: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/385420/overview

Andrew C. Warden: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/410563/overview

Pushkar Shrestha: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/178341/overview

Anna El Tahchy: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/278236/overview

Vivien Rolland: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/303383/overview

James R. Petrie: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/52918/overview

Rosemary G. White: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/94564/overview

Wenli Chen: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/262536/overview

Surinder P. Singh: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/25894/overview

Qing Liu: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/46131/overview

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front Plant Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Front Plant Sci

Journal ID (publisher-id): Front. Plant Sci.

Title: Frontiers in Plant Science

Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.

ISSN (Electronic): 1664-462X

Publication date (Electronic): 02 August 2017

Publication date Collection: 2017

Volume: 8

Electronic Location Identifier: 1339

Affiliations

[1] ¹State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China

[2] ²CSIRO Agriculture and Food Canberra, ACT, Australia

[3] ³CSIRO Land and Water Canberra, ACT, Australia

Author notes

Edited by: Basil J. Nikolau, Iowa State University, United States

Reviewed by: Jay Shockey, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, United States; Martine Miquel, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France

*Correspondence: Wenli Chen wlchen@ 123456mail.hzau.edu.cn

Qing Liu qing.liu@ 123456csiro.au

This article was submitted to Plant Metabolism and Chemodiversity, a section of the journal Frontiers in Plant Science

Article

DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01339

PMC ID: 5541829

PubMed ID: 28824675

SO-VID: 464b0b16-13c0-4d55-b756-d84f69082548

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

History

Date received : 04 May 2017

Date accepted : 18 July 2017

Page count

Figures: 9, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 89, Pages: 20, Words: 12310

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Comparative Lipidomics and Proteomics of Lipid Droplets in the Mesocarp and Seed Tissues of Chinese Tallow ( Triadica sebifera)

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Most cited references 84

THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF DEHYDRATION TOLERANCE IN PLANTS.

Seipin regulates ER–lipid droplet contacts and cargo delivery

Comparative transcriptome and metabolite analysis of oil palm and date palm mesocarp that differ dramatically in carbon partitioning.

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