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      Ameliorative Effects of Operculina turpethum and its Isolated Stigma-5,22dien-3-o-β-D-glucopyranoside on the Hematological Parameters of Male Mice Exposed to N-Nitrosodimethylamine, a Potent Carcinogen

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          Abstract

          Objectives:

          Enormous propensity of plants to synthesize a variety of structurally diverse bioactive compounds, has made the plant kingdom a potential source of chemical constituents with various therapeutic values, including antitumor and cytotoxic activities. Blood is a good indicator to determine the physiological and pathological status of man and animal. The objective of the present study is to determine the effect of Operculina turpethum root extract and its isolated glycoside treatment on the hematological parameters in the mice with N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) induced cancer.

          Materials and Methods:

          The body weights of the animals were recorded before and after the experiment. Non-coagulated blood was tested for total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, hemoglobin, differential leukocyte count (DLC) and for other blood indices.

          Results:

          A significant ( P < 0.01), ( P < 0.001) recovery of the red blood cell and white blood cell counts, packed cell volume and hemoglobin content in the host after 21 day treatment was shown.

          Conclusion:

          These results show that the extract of Operculina turpethum is relatively safe following oral administration and have possible stimulatory effect on red blood cell production and there was dose dependent therapeutic effect.

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          Most cited references56

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          Phytosterols, phytostanols, and their conjugates in foods: structural diversity, quantitative analysis, and health-promoting uses.

          Phytosterols (plant sterols) are triterpenes that are important structural components of plant membranes, and free phytosterols serve to stabilize phospholipid bilayers in plant cell membranes just as cholesterol does in animal cell membranes. Most phytosterols contain 28 or 29 carbons and one or two carbon-carbon double bonds, typically one in the sterol nucleus and sometimes a second in the alkyl side chain. Phytostanols are a fully-saturated subgroup of phytosterols (contain no double bonds). Phytostanols occur in trace levels in many plant species and they occur in high levels in tissues of only in a few cereal species. Phytosterols can be converted to phytostanols by chemical hydrogenation. More than 200 different types of phytosterols have been reported in plant species. In addition to the free form, phytosterols occur as four types of "conjugates," in which the 3beta-OH group is esterified to a fatty acid or a hydroxycinnamic acid, or glycosylated with a hexose (usually glucose) or a 6-fatty-acyl hexose. The most popular methods for phytosterol analysis involve hydrolysis of the esters (and sometimes the glycosides) and capillary GLC of the total phytosterols, either in the free form or as TMS or acetylated derivatives. Several alternative methods have been reported for analysis of free phytosterols and intact phytosteryl conjugates. Phytosterols and phytostanols have received much attention in the last five years because of their cholesterol-lowering properties. Early phytosterol-enriched products contained free phytosterols and relatively large dosages were required to significantly lower serum cholesterol. In the last several years two spreads, one containing phytostanyl fatty-acid esters and the other phytosteryl fatty-acid esters, have been commercialized and were shown to significantly lower serum cholesterol at dosages of 1-3 g per day. The popularity of these products has caused the medical and biochemical community to focus much attention on phytosterols and consequently research activity on phytosterols has increased dramatically.
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            Platelets.

            Platelets, derived from megakaryocyte cytoplasm, have a critical role in normal haemostasis, and in thrombotic disorders. The development of megakaryocytes is controlled by thrombopoietin, which binds to c-mpl on the surface of platelets and megakaryocytes. Platelet membrane glycoproteins mediate binding to subendothelial tissue and aggregation into haemostatic plugs. Thrombocytopenia and disorders of platelet function cause petechiae and mucocutaneous bleeding. Drugs causing specific inhibition of platelet function are important in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease.
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              The role of phytosterols and phytosterolins in immune modulation: a review of the past 10 years.

              P Bouic (2001)
              Although plant sterols (phytosterols) were chemically described in 1922, their biological role in human and animal health has been underestimated. Their ability to control cholesterol plasma levels in hypercholesterolimic patients was first described in 1983 when the structure of phytosterols implied that they could, by steric hindrance, inhibit the absorption of cholesterol from our diets. This has led to the development of functional foods containing high contents of these plant molecules or their esters as cholesterol controlling foods. Over the last 15 years, however, several reports have appeared in the literature indicating that phytosterols have some immunological activity as highlighted in animal models of inflammation or even in in-vitro and in-vivo models of cancer (colorectal and breast cancer). These findings were paralleled by epidemiological studies correlating the reduced risk of numerous diseases and the dietary intake of phytosterols. It is only in the last 10 years, however, that their direct immune modulatory activity on human lymphocytes has been proven and the mechanism of action in cancer cells has been elucidated. The use of phytosterols as supportive therapies in certain chronic conditions has been tested under clinical trial conditions. This review presents a summary of the in-vitro and in-vivo studies published to date.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Toxicol Int
                Toxicol Int
                TI
                Toxicology International
                Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )
                0971-6580
                0976-5131
                Jan-Apr 2014
                : 21
                : 1
                : 29-36
                Affiliations
                [1]Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Dr. Veena Sharma, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali - 304 022, Rajasthan, India. E-mail: drvshs@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                TI-21-29
                10.4103/0971-6580.128789
                3989912
                24748732
                4679f367-67ea-49a6-aef1-a82c6f4560a3
                Copyright: © Toxicology International

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Categories
                Original Article

                Toxicology
                blood,haematology,n-nitrosodimethylamine,operculina turpethum
                Toxicology
                blood, haematology, n-nitrosodimethylamine, operculina turpethum

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