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      Adaptive parental effects: the importance of estimating environmental predictability and offspring fitness appropriately

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      Oikos
      Wiley-Blackwell

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          Genetic Equilibrium When More Than One Ecological Niche is Available

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            Fitness and its role in evolutionary genetics.

            Although the operation of natural selection requires that genotypes differ in fitness, some geneticists may find it easier to understand natural selection than fitness. Partly this reflects the fact that the word 'fitness' has been used to mean subtly different things. In this Review I distinguish among these meanings (for example, individual fitness, absolute fitness and relative fitness) and explain how evolutionary geneticists use fitness to predict changes in the genetic composition of populations through time. I also review the empirical study of fitness, emphasizing approaches that take advantage of recent genetic and genomic data, and I highlight important unresolved problems in understanding fitness.
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              Transgenerational plasticity is adaptive in the wild.

              Plants exhibit adaptive responses to light, but it is not known whether parental plants transmit environmental cues that elicit adaptive responses in offspring. We show that offspring life history (annual versus biennial) is influenced by the maternal light environment (understory versus light gap). This transgenerational plasticity is adaptive when offspring are grown in their maternal light environment, where seeds typically disperse. Projections of population growth show that plants that are appropriately cued for their light environment through maternal effects have 3.4 times greater fitness than otherwise. Transgenerational plasticity has evolved in response to natural variation in light and provides a flexible mechanism by which sedentary organisms cope with heterogeneous environments.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Oikos
                Oikos
                Wiley-Blackwell
                00301299
                July 2014
                July 2014
                : 123
                : 7
                : 769-776
                Article
                10.1111/oik.01235
                46cae01b-251a-4783-b8d4-92dacdc79984
                © 2014

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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