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      Hearing loss in Korean adolescents: The prevalence thereof and its association with leisure noise exposure

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          Abstract

          The increasing use of personal listening devices (PLDs) has been accompanied by a rise in the prevalence of hearing loss (HL) in younger age groups. However, there have been few reports on the relationship between HL and leisure noise exposure (LNE) in adolescents. The purpose of our study was to investigate the prevalence of HL in students attending general middle and high schools and to identify factors affecting HL prevalence. A total of 2,879 nationally representative adolescents in the first years of middle and high school underwent audiometric testing and otological examinations, and completed questionnaires, from June to December 2016. A speech-frequency hearing loss (SFHL) was considered present when the pure tone averages (PTAs) at 0.5, 1, and 2 kHz were ≥ 15 dB and a high-frequency hearing loss (HFHL) was considered present when the PTAs at 3, 4, 6, and 8 kHz were ≥ 15 dB. About 17% of Korean adolescents exhibited at least slight HL. The prevalence rates of SFHL and HFHL in the poorer ear were 11.6% and 10.3%, respectively, among Korean adolescents. The use of local area network (LAN) gaming centers and an experience of being asked by others to lower earphone volume were associated with both SFHL and HFHL. It is important to avoid excessive LNE to prevent adolescent HL. Additionally, SFHL or HFHL in the poorer ear was associated with lower academic performance.

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          Most cited references23

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          Speech-language and educational consequences of unilateral hearing loss in children.

          In the past, unilateral hearing loss (UHL) in children was thought to have little consequence because speech and language presumably developed appropriately with one normal-hearing ear. Some studies from the 1980s and 1990s have suggested that a significantly increased proportion of children with UHL may have educational and/or behavioral problems, compared with their normal-hearing peers. Limited data exist about the effect of UHL on acquisition of speech and language skills. To review the current literature about the impact UHL has on the development of speech and language and educational achievement. MEDLINE search between 1966 and June 1, 2003, using the medical subject heading "hearing loss," combined with the textword "unilateral." Studies were limited to those written in English, reporting speech-language and/or educational results in children. Articles were read with attention to study design, population, recruitment of subjects, and outcomes measured. Problems in school included a 22% to 35% rate of repeating at least one grade, and 12% to 41% receiving additional educational assistance. Speech and language delays have been reported in some but not all studies. School-age children with UHL appear to have increased rates of grade failures, need for additional educational assistance, and perceived behavioral issues in the classroom. Speech and language delays may occur in some children with UHL, but it is unclear if children "catch up" as they grow older. Research into this area is necessary to clarify these issues and to determine whether interventions may prevent potential problems.
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            Self-concept and academic achievement: a meta-analysis of longitudinal relations.

            The relation between self-concept and academic achievement was examined in 39 independent and longitudinal samples through the integration of meta-analysis and path analysis procedures. For relations with more than 3 independent samples, the mean observed correlations ranged from .20 to .27 between prior self-concept and subsequent academic achievement and from .19 to .25 between prior academic achievement and subsequent self-concept. Globality/specificity of self-concept was the only significant moderating factor in the relation between (a) prior self-concept and subsequent academic achievement and (b) prior academic achievement and subsequent self-concept. As high self-concept is related to high academic performance and vice-versa, intervention programs that combine self-enhancement and skill development should be integrated.
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              Self-Reported Listening-Related Effort and Fatigue in Hearing-Impaired Adults

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: InvestigationRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: MethodologyRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: MethodologyRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                4 January 2019
                2019
                : 14
                : 1
                : e0209254
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Departments of Otorhinolaryngology, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
                [2 ] Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
                [3 ] Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
                University of California Irvine, UNITED STATES
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8129-3973
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1284-5070
                Article
                PONE-D-18-07370
                10.1371/journal.pone.0209254
                6319738
                30608926
                46dcda78-fada-4a9c-b1cb-db68160c22cf
                © 2019 Rhee et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 26 March 2018
                : 3 December 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 5, Pages: 16
                Funding
                Funded by Korean society of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. Grant number: 2016KORL0645. URL: http://www.korl.or.kr/. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Korean otology society Grant number: N/A. URL: http://www.otologicalsociety.or.kr/. Role: The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Social Sciences
                Sociology
                Education
                Schools
                People and Places
                Population Groupings
                Age Groups
                Children
                Adolescents
                People and Places
                Population Groupings
                Families
                Children
                Adolescents
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Otorhinolaryngology
                Otology
                Hearing Disorders
                Deafness
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Psychology
                Behavior
                Recreation
                Games
                Social Sciences
                Psychology
                Behavior
                Recreation
                Games
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Neuroscience
                Cognitive Science
                Cognitive Psychology
                Academic Skills
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Psychology
                Cognitive Psychology
                Academic Skills
                Social Sciences
                Psychology
                Cognitive Psychology
                Academic Skills
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Head
                Ears
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Head
                Ears
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Neuroscience
                Sensory Perception
                Hearing
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Psychology
                Sensory Perception
                Hearing
                Social Sciences
                Psychology
                Sensory Perception
                Hearing
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Otorhinolaryngology
                Otology
                Audiology
                Custom metadata
                All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files.

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