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      Impacto en la mortalidad de un tratamiento conjugado, en pacientes intoxicados no ocupacionalmente, con paraquat en el Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl de Medellín, entre agosto de 2002 y agosto de 2003 Translated title: IMPACT ON MORTALITY OF ONE CONJUGATED TREATMENT IN 10 PARAQUAT INTOXICATED PATIENTS ATTENDED AT THE SAN VICENTE DE PAUL UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL IN MEDELLIN, COLOMBIA, FROM AUGUST 2002 TO AUGUST 2003

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          Abstract

          En Colombia se utiliza frecuentemente el Paraquat, herbicida que al ser ingerido en cualquier cantidad produce toxicidad grave y alta mortalidad, sin haberse encontrado un tratamiento eficaz para la recuperación de los intoxicados. El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer si un tratamiento conjugado con N-acetilcisteína, vitamina A, C, E, propranolol, colchicina y furosemida, disminuye la mortalidad en pacientes, basados en la probabilidad de supervivencia, los niveles plasmáticos y el seguimiento clínico. RESULTADOS De diez pacientes con intoxicaciones no ocupacionales que ingresaron al Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl de Medellín, seis severamente intoxicados fallecieron, tres por falla orgánica multisistémica y tres por insuficiencia respiratoria aguda. Se obtuvieron resultados con significancia estadística, que muestran que la probabilidad de muerte se correlaciona directamente con los niveles sanguíneos de paraquat y con la severidad según la clasificación clínica. Todos los pacientes con compromiso grave murieron y este desenlace fue independiente de sus niveles séricos de paraquat. Con los resultados obtenidos se puede afirmar que este tratamiento es adecuado para pacientes intoxicados en forma leve y moderada; que no hay correlación entre la clínica y los niveles plasmáticos de Paraquat y que la clínica es un indicador confiable para el pronóstico de esta intoxicación. Sin embargo, se requiere de una muestra mayor para aumentar la confiabilidad estadística.

          Translated abstract

          PARAQUAT is a frequently used herbicide in Colombia. Its ingestion produces a severe intoxication with a high lethality. Up to now there is not a successful treatment for it. The purpose of this study was to determine if a conjugated treatment with NAcetylcysteine; A, C, and E vitamins, Propranolol, Colchicine and Furosemide increased the survival of ten paraquat intoxicated patients attended at the San Vicente de Paul University Hospital in Medellín, Colombia, based on the predicted probability of survival, Paraquat plasmatic concentration and clinical assessment. RESULTS: SIX PATIENTS died because of their intoxication severity, three of them due to multisystemic organic failure, and three from acute respiratory failure. The results had statistical significance, showing a direct proportion between the high plasma levels of paraquat and mortality; and the fact that those with a multiorganic involvement died, despite their low Paraquat plasma levels. Based on clinical data it is possible to conclude that the treatment is useful only for patients with mild to moderate intoxication; there is not an exact correlation between the clinical features and the Paraquat plasma levels; and the clinical features are a very good indicator of the prognosis in Paraquat intoxicated patients. Further experimental and clinical trials are needed.

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          Paraquat poisoning: significance of plasma-paraquat concentrations.

          Plasma-paraquat concentrations were measured in 79 patients who had ingested liquid or granular weedkillers containing paraquat. At any given time after ingestion, the plasma-paraquat concentrations in the patients who died usually exceeded those in the survivors. It is suggested that measurement of plasma-paraquat concentrations is useful in assessing the severity and predicting the outcome of poisoning. Patients whose plasma concentrations do not exceed 2.0, 0.6, 0.3, 0.16, and 0.1 mg/l at 4, 6, 10, 16, and 24 h respectively are likely to survive.
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            Pre-embarkment prognostication for acute paraquat poisoning.

            1. In order to assess which laboratory parameters could be related to the prognosis of patients with acute paraquat poisoning, we reviewed the medical records of 160 patients who had ingested paraquat in an attempt at suicide. 2. Serum creatinine and potassium concentrations, arterial blood bicarbonate and base excess levels, arterial blood pH, volume of paraquat ingested and the strength of the urinary paraquat qualitative test (sodium dithionate colour reaction) on admission in the surviving patients were significantly different from those of the patients who died within 48 h of ingestion. 3. The relationship of the quantity Eq1 defined as: Eq1 = ([K+] x [HCO3-])/([Cre] x 0.088) (mEq l-1) against the interval of time after ingestion to admission (T) had a significant correlation with prognosis (P less than 0.01). Patients with Eq1 greater than (1500 - 399 X LogT) had a 90% survival rate, Eq1: (930 - 399 X LogT) less than Eq1 less than or equal to (1500 - 399 X LogT) 38% and Eq1 less than or equal to (930 - 399 X LogT) 3%, P less than 0.01.
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              Toxicología

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                iat
                Iatreia
                Iatreia
                Universidad de Antioquia (Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia )
                0121-0793
                March 2004
                : 17
                : 1
                : 24-33
                Affiliations
                [02] orgnameUniversidad de Antioquia orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología
                [08] orgnameUniversidad de Antioquia orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina
                [04] orgnameUniversidad de Antioquia orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina
                [07] orgnameUniversidad de Antioquia orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina
                [03] orgnameUniversidad de Antioquia orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Toxicología
                [05] orgnameUniversidad de Antioquia orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina
                [01] orgnameUniversidad de Antioquia orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología
                [06] orgnameHospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl
                Article
                S0121-07932004000100002 S0121-0793(04)01700102
                46f12521-91af-44f2-8be0-71560b2f0601

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 March 2004
                : 25 January 2004
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 21, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
                Categories
                Investigación Original

                PARAQUAT,PLAGUICIDAS,N-ACETILCISTEÍNA,CROMATOGRAFÍA LÍQUIDA DE ALTA RESOLUCIÓN (HPLC),ÍNDICES DE PRONÓSTICO DE INTOXICACIÓN,PESTICIDES,N-ACETILCISTEINE,HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY (HPLC),INTOXICATION PROGNOSTIC INDEXES

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