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      Psychometric analysis of the Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire (PDSQ) and determinants of psychopathology in two outpatient clinics in Navarre (Spain) Translated title: Estudio psicométrico del Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire (PDSQ) y determinantes de psicopatología en dos centros ambulatorios de Navarra (España)

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          ABSTRACT

          Background:

          The self-report Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire PDSQ is designed to screen Axis I psychiatric disorders. We aim to determine its psychometric properties in Spanish outpatients and assess its relationship with two interviews (for psychopathology and for personality disorders) and clinical/demographic variables.

          Methodology:

          We administered the study questionnaire, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Plus (MINI-Plus), the Standardised Assessment of Personality Abbreviated Scale (SAPAS), and the List of Threatening Experiences Questionnaire (LTE-Q) to 375 patients at two public outpatient centres. Reliability of the study questionnaire was evaluated (Cronbach’s alpha, α) and known-group validity measured by comparing groups based on demographic and clinical variables (binary logistic regression analysis) and MINI-Plus diagnoses (Mann-Whitney U). The diagnostic accuracy of the study questionnaire score was analysed taking the MINI-Plus diagnoses as the gold standard (ROC analysis).

          Results:

          Internal consistency was adequate across all PDSQ scales (α >0.7; mean α=0.85). Known-group comparisons were satisfactory. Female and male patients showed higher prevalence of internalizing and externalizing diagnoses, respectively. Younger age, more life events and limitations, higher SAPAS scores, and lower economic levels were linked to a greater number of PDSQ diagnoses. Inter-group differences were found for all PDSQ scales based on the corresponding MINI-Plus diagnoses. Mean values of sensitivity, AUC, and negative predictive value were 88.7, 0.82, and 96.7, respectively.

          Conclusions:

          When applied to a sample of Spanish outpatients, the PDSQ exhibits satisfactory psychometric properties and adequate relationships with the psychopathology and personality interviews, and clinical and demographic variables. The study questionnaire is suitable for assessing comorbidity and psychopathology dimensions.

          RESUMEN

          Fundamento:

          El PDSQ ( Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire) es un cuestionario autoadministrado para el cribado de diagnósticos psiquiátricos del eje I. El objetivo es estudiar sus propiedades psicométricas en pacientes ambulatorios españoles y analizar su relación con dos entrevistas (de psicopatología y de trastornos de personalidad), y con variables clínicas y demográficas.

          Material y métodos:

          Se administraron los instrumentos PDSQ, MINI-Plus, SAPAS, y LTE-Q a 375 pacientes en dos centros ambulatorios públicos. Se estudió la fiabilidad del PDSQ (α de Cronbach). La validez de grupos-conocidos se analizó comparando sub-grupos organizados por variables demográficas y clínicas (regresión logística binaria) y por diagnósticos MINI Plus (U de Mann-Whitney). Se estudió el desempeño diagnóstico del PDSQ considerando los diagnósticos MINI Plus como gold standard (análisis ROC).

          Resultados:.

          La consistencia interna del PDSQ fue adecuada en todas las escalas (α >0,7; media=0,85). Las comparaciones entre grupos-conocidos fueron satisfactorias. Mujeres y hombres mostraron prevalencias mayores de trastornos internalizantes y externalizantes, respectivamente. Una menor edad, más sucesos vitales y limitaciones, puntuaciones mayores en SAPAS y niveles económicos más bajos se relacionaron con mayor número de diagnósticos PDSQ. Los grupos basados en los correspondienes diganósticos MINI-Plus difirieron en todas las escalas del PDSQ. Los valores medios de sensibilidad, AUC y valor predictivo negativo fueron 88,7; 0,82 y 96,7, respectivamente.

          Conclusiones:

          En su aplicación a pacientes españoles ambulatorios, el PDSQ muestra, propiedades psicométricas satisfactorias y relaciones adecuadas con entrevistas de psicopatología y personalidad, así como con variables clínicas y demográficas. El PDSQ es adecuado para evaluar comorbilidad y dimensiones de psicopatología.

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          Most cited references58

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          Adaptation and initial validation of the Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder - 7 Questionnaire (GAD-7) in an Arabic speaking Lebanese psychiatric outpatient sample.

          The Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder - 7 (GAD-7) are short screening measures used in medical and community settings to assess depression and anxiety severity. The aim of this study is to translate the screening tools into Arabic and evaluate their psychometric properties in an Arabic-speaking Lebanese psychiatric outpatient sample. The patients completed the questionnaires, among others, prior to being evaluated by a clinical psychiatrist or psychologist. The scales' internal consistency and factor structure were measured and convergent and discriminant validity were established by comparing the scores with clinical diagnoses and the Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire - MDD subset (PDSQ - MDD). Results showed that the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 are reliable screening tools for depression and anxiety and their factor structures replicated those reported in the literature. Sensitivity and specificity analyses showed that the PHQ-9 is sensitive but not specific at capturing depressive symptoms when compared to clinician diagnoses whereas the GAD-7 was neither sensitive nor specific at capturing anxiety symptoms. The implications of these findings are discussed in reference to the scales themselves and the cultural specificity of the Lebanese population.
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            The List of Threatening Experiences: the reliability and validity of a brief life events questionnaire.

            During the 23 years since the original work of Holmes & Rahe, research into stressful life events on human subjects has tended towards the development of longer and more complex inventories. The List of Threatening Experiences (LTE) of Brugha et al., by virtue of its brevity, overcomes difficulties of clinical application. In a study of 50 psychiatric patients and informants, the questionnaire version of the list (LTE-Q) was shown to have high test-retest reliability, and good agreement with informant information. Concurrent validity, based on the criterion of independently rated adversity derived from a semistructured life events interview, making use of the Life Events and Difficulties Scales (LEDS) method developed by Brown & Harris, showed both high specificity and sensitivity. The LTE-Q is particularly recommended for use in psychiatric, psychological and social studies in which other intervening variables such as social support, coping, and cognitive variables are of interest, and resources do not allow for the use of extensive interview measures of stress.
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              • Article: not found

              Standardised Assessment of Personality - Abbreviated Scale (SAPAS): preliminary validation of a brief screen for personality disorder

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                An Sist Sanit Navar
                An Sist Sanit Navar
                assn
                Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra
                Gobierno de Navarra. Departamento de Salud
                1137-6627
                2340-3527
                May-Aug 2023
                30 August 2023
                : 46
                : 2
                : e1043
                Affiliations
                [1 ] normalizedServicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea orgdiv1Rehabilitation Unit orgnameServicio Navarro de Salud - Osasunbidea Pamplona, Spain
                [2 ] normalizedServicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea orgnameInstitute for Health Research of Navarre (IdiSNA) Pamplona, Spain
                [3 ] normalizedServicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea orgdiv2Department of Psychiatry orgdiv1Hospital Universitario de Navarra orgnameServicio Navarro de Salud - Osasunbidea Pamplona, Spain
                [4 ] normalizedServicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea orgdiv1Mental Health Department orgnameServicio Navarro de Salud - Osasunbidea Pamplona, Spain
                Author notes
                [Corresponding author ] Juan Ignacio Arraras [ Ji.arraras.urdaniz@ 123456cfnavarra.es ]
                [*]

                SDC approach (sequence-determines-credit).

                Conflict of interest: The authors declare they have no conflict of interest.

                Ethical statement: The study was approved by the Drug Research Ethics Committee of Navarra and conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4415-2570
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0250-5718
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6188-4258
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-9442
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3332-9000
                Article
                10.23938/ASSN.1043
                10520750
                37647203
                46f99302-c6ab-422d-9fc4-06fbf768743f

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0)

                History
                : 13 December 2022
                : 28 March 2023
                : 28 June 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 6, Equations: 0, References: 50, Pages: 0
                Funding
                Funded by: Government of Navarra
                Award ID: 17/31
                Award ID: 18/41
                Award ID: 87/2014
                Funded by: Carlos III Health Institute (FEDER Funds)
                Funded by: Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity
                Award ID: 14/01621
                Award ID: 16/02148
                This work was supported by the Government of Navarra (grants 17/31, 18/41, 87/2014) and the Carlos III Health Institute (FEDER Funds) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity (14/01621 and 16/02148).
                Categories
                Artículos Originales

                pdsq,questionnaire,psychometric analyses,determinants,mental disorder,cuestionario,estudio psicométrico,determinantes,trastorno mental

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