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      ESR as a monitoring method of the interactions between TEMPO-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles and yeast cells

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          Abstract

          Potential application of magnetic nanoparticles as drug carriers in medical treatment requires prior determination of their effects on cells. In this work different spin labels and magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with spin labels as well as their interaction with yeast cells were investigated using electron spin resonance (ESR) method. ESR was demonstrated to be a suitable method for monitoring of magnetic core and attached spin labels. Particular emphasis was placed on characterization of endocytosis and redox processes running inside the cell, resulting in recombination of spin labels. Such data could only be obtained at reduced temperature of ESR measurements.

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          Controlled growth of monodisperse silica spheres in the micron size range

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            Actin and Endocytosis in Budding Yeast

            Endocytosis, the process whereby the plasma membrane invaginates to form vesicles, is essential for bringing many substances into the cell and for membrane turnover. The mechanism driving clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) involves > 50 different protein components assembling at a single location on the plasma membrane in a temporally ordered and hierarchal pathway. These proteins perform precisely choreographed steps that promote receptor recognition and clustering, membrane remodeling, and force-generating actin-filament assembly and turnover to drive membrane invagination and vesicle scission. Many critical aspects of the CME mechanism are conserved from yeast to mammals and were first elucidated in yeast, demonstrating that it is a powerful system for studying endocytosis. In this review, we describe our current mechanistic understanding of each step in the process of yeast CME, and the essential roles played by actin polymerization at these sites, while providing a historical perspective of how the landscape has changed since the preceding version of the YeastBook was published 17 years ago (1997). Finally, we discuss the key unresolved issues and where future studies might be headed.
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              Metal-based NanoEnhancers for Future Radiotherapy: Radiosensitizing and Synergistic Effects on Tumor Cells

              Radiotherapy is one of the major therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. In the past decade, there has been growing interest in using high Z (atomic number) elements (materials) as radiosensitizers. New strategies in nanomedicine could help to improve cancer diagnosis and therapy at cellular and molecular levels. Metal-based nanoparticles usually exhibit chemical inertness in cellular and subcellular systems and may play a role in radiosensitization and synergistic cell-killing effects for radiation therapy. This review summarizes the efficacy of metal-based NanoEnhancers against cancers in both in vitro and in vivo systems for a range of ionizing radiations including gamma-rays, X-rays, and charged particles. The potential of translating preclinical studies on metal-based nanoparticles-enhanced radiation therapy into clinical practice is also discussed using examples of several metal-based NanoEnhancers (such as CYT-6091, AGuIX, and NBTXR3). Also, a few general examples of theranostic multimetallic nanocomposites are presented, and the related biological mechanisms are discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                benia@amu.edu.pl
                Journal
                Sci Rep
                Sci Rep
                Scientific Reports
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2045-2322
                10 December 2019
                10 December 2019
                2019
                : 9
                : 18733
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2097 3545, GRID grid.5633.3, Medical Physics Division, Faculty of Physics, , Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, ; 61-614 Poznań, Poland
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2097 3545, GRID grid.5633.3, Faculty of Chemistry, , Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, ; Poznań, Poland
                Article
                55335
                10.1038/s41598-019-55335-z
                6904674
                31822759
                47024b58-1775-48e8-803c-182a479ee4e3
                © The Author(s) 2019

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 16 July 2019
                : 20 November 2019
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                © The Author(s) 2019

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                biophysics,nanoscience and technology
                Uncategorized
                biophysics, nanoscience and technology

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