Size, Stability, and Porosity of Mesoporous Nanoparticles Characterized with Light Scattering

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Abstract

Silicon-based mesoporous nanoparticles have been extensively studied to meet the challenges in the drug delivery. Functionality of these nanoparticles depends on their properties which are often changing as a function of particle size and surrounding medium. Widely used characterization methods, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) have both their weaknesses. We hypothesize that conventional light scattering (LS) methods can be used for a rigorous characterization of medium sensitive nanoparticles’ properties, like size, stability, and porosity. Two fundamentally different silicon-based nanoparticles were made: porous silicon (PSi) from crystalline silicon and silica nanoparticles (SN) through sol-gel process. We studied the properties of these mesoporous nanoparticles with two different multiangle LS techniques, DLS and static light scattering (SLS), and compared the results to dry-state techniques, TEM, and nitrogen sorption. Comparison of particle radius from TEM and DLS revealed significant overestimation of the DLS result. Regarding to silica nanoparticles, the overestimation was attributed to agglomeration by analyzing radius of gyration and hydrodynamic radius. In case of PSi nanoparticles, strong correlation between LS result and specific surface area was found. Our results suggest that the multiangle LS methods could be used for the size, stability, and structure characterization of mesoporous nanoparticles.

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Most cited references 35

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For the past 25 years NIH Image and ImageJ software have been pioneers as open tools for the analysis of scientific images. We discuss the origins, challenges and solutions of these two programs, and how their history can serve to advise and inform other software projects.

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Protein corona fingerprinting predicts the cellular interaction of gold and silver nanoparticles.

Carl D Walkey, Jonathan Olsen, Fayi Song … (2014)

Using quantitative models to predict the biological interactions of nanoparticles will accelerate the translation of nanotechnology. Here, we characterized the serum protein corona 'fingerprint' formed around a library of 105 surface-modified gold nanoparticles. Applying a bioinformatics-inspired approach, we developed a multivariate model that uses the protein corona fingerprint to predict cell association 50% more accurately than a model that uses parameters describing nanoparticle size, aggregation state, and surface charge. Our model implicates a set of hyaluronan-binding proteins as mediators of nanoparticle-cell interactions. This study establishes a framework for developing a comprehensive database of protein corona fingerprints and biological responses for multiple nanoparticle types. Such a database can be used to develop quantitative relationships that predict the biological responses to nanoparticles and will aid in uncovering the fundamental mechanisms of nano-bio interactions.

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Characterization of nanomaterial dispersion in solution prior to in vitro exposure using dynamic light scattering technique.

Richard Murdock, Laura K Braydich-Stolle, Amanda Schrand … (2008)

The need to characterize nanoparticles in solution before assessing the in vitro toxicity is a high priority. Particle size, size distribution, particle morphology, particle composition, surface area, surface chemistry, and particle reactivity in solution are important factors which need to be defined to accurately assess nanoparticle toxicity. Currently, there are no well-defined techniques for characterization of wet nanomaterials in aqueous or biological solutions. Previously reported nanoparticle characterization techniques in aqueous or biological solutions have consisted of the use of ultra-high illumination light microscopy and disc centrifuge sedimentation; however, these techniques are limited by the measurement size range. The current study focuses on characterizing a wide range of nanomaterials using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy, including metals, metal oxides, and carbon-based materials, in water and cell culture media, with and without serum. Cell viability and cell morphology studies were conducted in conjunction with DLS experiments to evaluate toxicological effects from observed agglomeration changes in the presence or absence of serum in cell culture media. Observations of material-specific surface properties were also recorded. It was also necessary to characterize the impact of sonication, which is implemented to aid in particle dispersion and solution mixture. Additionally, a stock solution of nanomaterials used for toxicology studies was analyzed for changes in agglomeration and zeta potential of the material over time. In summary, our results demonstrate that many metal and metal oxide nanomaterials agglomerate in solution and that depending upon the solution particle agglomeration is either agitated or mitigated. Corresponding toxicity data revealed that the addition of serum to cell culture media can, in some cases, have a significant effect on particle toxicity possibly due to changes in agglomeration or surface chemistry. It was also observed that sonication slightly reduces agglomeration and has minimal effect on particle surface charge. Finally, the stock solution experienced significant changes in particle agglomeration and surface charge over time.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Martti Kaasalainen: +358 2 333 5736 , martti.kaasalainen@utu.fi

Vladimir Aseyev: vladimir.aseyev@helsinki.fi

Eva von Haartman: ehaartma@abo.fi

Didem Şen Karaman: dsen@abo.fi

Ermei Mäkilä: emmaki@utu.fi

Heikki Tenhu: heikki.tenhu@helsinki.fi

Jessica Rosenholm: jerosenh@abo.fi

Jarno Salonen: +358 2 333 5736 , jarno.salonen@utu.fi

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nanoscale Res Lett

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nanoscale Res Lett

Title: Nanoscale Research Letters

Publisher: Springer US (New York )

ISSN (Print): 1931-7573

ISSN (Electronic): 1556-276X

Publication date (Electronic): 25 January 2017

Publication date PMC-release: 25 January 2017

Publication date Collection: 2017

Volume: 12

Electronic Location Identifier: 74

Affiliations

[1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2097 1371, GRID grid.1374.1, Laboratory of Industrial Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, , University of Turku, ; FI-20500 Turku, Finland

[2 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0410 2071, GRID grid.7737.4, Department of Chemistry, , University of Helsinki, ; FI-00014 HY Helsinki, Finland

[3 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2235 8415, GRID grid.13797.3b, Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, , Åbo Akademi University, ; FI-20520 Turku, Finland

Article

Publisher ID: 1853

DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-1853-y

PMC ID: 5267583

PubMed ID: 28124301

SO-VID: 470f2a01-da5c-4cac-8f81-8b9246815a8d

License:

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

History

Date received : 2 December 2016

Date accepted : 13 January 2017

Funding

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003125, Suomen Kulttuurirahasto;

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Nanomaterials

Keywords: porosity,porous silicon,mesoporous silica nanoparticle,light scattering,particle size,biorelevant characterization

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Nanomaterials

Keywords: porosity, porous silicon, mesoporous silica nanoparticle, light scattering, particle size, biorelevant characterization

Size, Stability, and Porosity of Mesoporous Nanoparticles Characterized with Light Scattering

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EU NanoSafety Cluster Publications: Journal Articles

Most cited references 35

NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis.

Protein corona fingerprinting predicts the cellular interaction of gold and silver nanoparticles.

Characterization of nanomaterial dispersion in solution prior to in vitro exposure using dynamic light scattering technique.

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