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      Evaluación de la información sanitaria disponible en internet sobre las recomendaciones de vacunación frente al meningococo B Translated title: Assessment of health information available online regarding meningococcal B vaccine recommendations

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Fundamentos. La calidad de la información sanitaria en internet preocupa a gobiernos y usuarios. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar en qué medida la información disponible en la red sobre las recomendaciones de vacunación frente al meningococo B se adhiere a lo indicado por el Ministerio de Sanidad español. Métodos. Estudio transversal realizado en abril de 2017. Se evaluó la adhesión de la información sobre recomendaciones de recibir la vacuna. La información se obtuvo a través de Google utilizando veinte palabras clave. Se utilizó la prueba chi-cuadrado para estudiar la asociación entre obtener información adherida y el tipo de origen de la misma. Resultados. Se analizaron 186 enlaces web. Se detectaron recomendaciones adheridas entre el 52,2% (97/186) de los enlaces para la indicación en personas con deficiencia de properdina/factores terminales del complemento, y el 79,6% para las situaciones de brotes. Vacunar a niños a partir de los dos meses de edad fue una recomendación no elaborada por el Ministerio que se detectó en el 72,6% de los enlaces. Para cada una de las recomendaciones del Ministerio, los organismos oficiales de salud pública siempre proporcionaron información adherida. Medios de comunicación digitales aportaron con una frecuencia significativamente mayor, que las Sociedades Científicas, información adherida sobre vacunar a personas con deficiencia de properdina/factores terminales del complemento (OR: 2,72; IC95%: 1,18-6,28) y asplenia (OR: 3,83; IC95%: 1,66-8,86). Conclusiones. Se evidencia una dificultad para obtener información adherida a lo indicado por la ponencia de vacunación del Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad. Se debe promocionar en los usuarios la consulta de páginas web de organismos oficiales de salud pública cuando busquen información sobre esta vacuna.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Background. The quality of health information online is a concern to governments and users. Our objective was to determine the extent to which the information available online regarding meningococcal B vaccine recommendations adhere to the guidelines of the Spanish Ministry of Health. Methods. Cross-sectional study carried out in April 2017. The study assessed adherence of information regarding vaccine recommendations to official guidelines. The information was collected via Google with 20 keywords. The Chi-squared test was used to analyze the association between the adhered information and its origin. Results. In total, 186 web links were analyzed. Adhered recommendations were found in a range of links, from 52.2% (97/186) with an indication for people with properdin deficiency/terminal component pathway deficiency, to 79.6% for outbreak situations. Vaccinating children from two months of age was a recommendation not issued by the Ministry that was found in 72.6% of the links. For each of the Ministry recommendations, official public health institutions always provide information adhering to them. Digital media provided information about vaccination adhering to official guidelines with a significantly higher frequency than scientific societies in cases of people with properdin deficiency/terminal component pathway deficiency (OR: 2.72; 95%CI: 1.18-6.28) and asplenia (OR: 3.83; 95%CI: 1.66-8.86). Conclusions. We have observed a difficulty to obtain adhered information. Users must be encouraged to access websites of official public health institutions when looking for information about this vaccine.

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          Most cited references20

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          A postmodern Pandora's box: anti-vaccination misinformation on the Internet.

          Anna Kata (2010)
          The Internet plays a large role in disseminating anti-vaccination information. This paper builds upon previous research by analyzing the arguments proffered on anti-vaccination websites, determining the extent of misinformation present, and examining discourses used to support vaccine objections. Arguments around the themes of safety and effectiveness, alternative medicine, civil liberties, conspiracy theories, and morality were found on the majority of websites analyzed; misinformation was also prevalent. The most commonly proposed method of combating this misinformation is through better education, although this has proven ineffective. Education does not consider the discourses supporting vaccine rejection, such as those involving alternative explanatory models of health, interpretations of parental responsibility, and distrust of expertise. Anti-vaccination protestors make postmodern arguments that reject biomedical and scientific "facts" in favour of their own interpretations. Pro-vaccination advocates who focus on correcting misinformation reduce the controversy to merely an "educational" problem; rather, these postmodern discourses must be acknowledged in order to begin a dialogue. Copyright (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            Addressing the anti-vaccination movement and the role of HCWs.

            Over the last two decades, growing numbers of parents in the industrialized world are choosing not to have their children vaccinated. Trying to explain why this is occurring, public health commentators refer to the activities of an anti-vaccination movement. The aim of this paper is to review the literature about the anti-vaccination movements and to highlight the knowledge and the skills needed for HCWs to fight against their ideas. The main theoretical structures of anti-vaccination ideology in the 19th and 20th centuries are: vaccines cause idiopathic illness; opponents against vaccines accused vaccine partisans to be afraid of the "search after truth," they fear unveiling errors; the vaccination law not only insults every subject of the realm, but also it insults every human being; vaccine immunity is temporary; an alternative healthy lifestyle, personal hygiene and diet stop diseases. Proponents against vaccination now have additional means to communicate their positions to the general public, the Internet in particular. Doctors and HCWs constantly have to face parents and patients who search information about vaccination. A lot of these people have previously found data about vaccinations from a lot of sources, such as papers, media or in websites and in these sources most contents come from anti-vaccine movements. For these reasons doctors and HCWs need to have updated knowledge about the vaccinations and to know the contents proposed by vaccine sceptics. Educating the general public cannot be fully effective unless there is a corresponding provision, enthusiasm and commitment by trained HCWs.
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              Googling children's health: reliability of medical advice on the internet.

              To assess the reliability and accuracy of medical advice, over a range of types of websites, found using the Google search engine, thus simulating a patient's experience. Advice was sought for five common paediatric questions using the Google search engine. The first 100 results of each question were classified as either being consistent or inconsistent with current recommendations or as 'no answer given'. Record of the type of site and its visibility was noted. 39% of the 500 sites searched gave correct information; 11% were incorrect and 49% failed to answer the question. Where an answer was available, 78% of sites gave the correct information. The accuracy of information varied depending on the topic and ranged from 51% (mumps, measles and rubella and autism) to 100% (breast feeding with mastitis/the sleeping position of a baby). Governmental sites gave uniformly accurate advice. News sites gave correct advice in 55% of cases. No sponsored sites were encountered that gave the correct advice. The authors have shown that the advice on the internet is very variable. Patients are known to use the internet for their own research and as such the authors encourage healthcare workers to recommend government or NHS websites.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                resp
                Revista Española de Salud Pública
                Rev. Esp. Salud Publica
                Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar social (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1135-5727
                2173-9110
                2018
                : 92
                : e201805017
                Affiliations
                [1] Zaragoza orgnameHospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa orgdiv1Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública España
                [2] Zaragoza Aragón orgnameUniversidad de Zaragoza orgdiv1Departamento de Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública Spain
                [3] Zaragoza orgnameHospital Universitario Miguel Servet orgdiv1Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública España
                Article
                S1135-57272018000100207 S1135-5727(18)09200000207
                4732fdf5-84d0-4c1d-86b9-1dab91b900d3

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 25 September 2017
                : 22 December 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 20, Pages: 0
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                SciELO Public Health


                Vacuna frente al meningococo B,Evaluación,Information,Internet,España,Información,Serogroup B Meningococcal Vaccine,Evaluation,Spain

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