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      Glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA) at 12 months are associated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and early life inflammatory immune measures

      , , , , , , , for the Barwon Infant Study Investigator Group
      Pediatric Research
      Springer Nature

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          Developmental origins of noncommunicable disease: population and public health implications.

          Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic lung disease, allergy, some forms of cancer, cognitive decline, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and affective disorders, are the world's biggest killers. Eighty percent of these deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries, especially as these countries undergo socioeconomic improvement after reductions in infectious disease. The World Health Organization predicts a global increase of 17% in NCDs over the next decade. NCDs are preventable, but new initiatives are needed to institute such prevention, especially in early life. In this article, we emphasize that all children are affected by their early developmental conditions, not just children exposed to a very deficient environment, and that this has long-term consequences for their predisposition to NCDs. We highlight the biomedical implications of this developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) concept of NCDs and discuss the implications for health policy.
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            Is Open Access

            Developmental Origins of Health and Disease: A Lifecourse Approach to the Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases

            Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis, affect individuals in all countries worldwide. Given the very high worldwide prevalence of NCDs across a range of human pathology, it is clear that traditional approaches targeting those at most risk in older adulthood will not efficiently ameliorate this growing burden. It will thus be essential to robustly identify determinants of NCDs across the entire lifecourse and, subsequently, appropriate interventions at every stage to reduce an individual’s risk of developing these conditions. A lifecourse approach has the potential to prevent NCDs, from before conception through fetal life, infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood and into older age. In this paper, we describe the origins of the lifecourse concept, the importance of early life influences, for example during pregnancy, examine potential underlying mechanisms in both cell biology and behavior change, and finally describe current efforts to develop interventions that take a lifecourse approach to NCD prevention. Two principal approaches to improving women’s nutritional status are outlined: nutritional supplementation and behavior change.
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              Cohort Profile: The Barwon Infant Study

              The modern environment is associated with an increasing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Mounting evidence implicates environmental exposures, experienced early in life (including in utero), in the aetiology of many NCDs, though the cellular/molecular mechanism(s) underlying this elevated risk across the life course remain unclear. Epigenetic variation has emerged as a candidate mediator of such effects. The Barwon Infant Study (BIS) is a population-derived birth cohort study (n = 1074 infants) with antenatal recruitment, conducted in the south-east of Australia (Victoria). BIS has been designed to facilitate a detailed mechanistic investigation of development within an epidemiological framework. The broad objectives are to investigate the role of specific environmental factors, gut microbiota and epigenetic variation in early-life development, and subsequent immune, allergic, cardiovascular, respiratory and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Participants have been reviewed at birth and at 1, 6, 9 and 12 months, with 2- and 4-year reviews under way. Biological samples and measures include: maternal blood, faeces and urine during pregnancy; infant urine, faeces and blood at regular intervals during the first 4 years; lung function at 1 month and 4 years; cardiovascular assessment at 1 month and 4 years; skin-prick allergy testing and food challenge at 1 year; and neurodevelopmental assessment at 9 months, 2 and 4 years. Data access enquiries can be made at [www.barwoninfantstudy.org.au] or via [peter.vuillermin@deakin.edu.au].
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Pediatric Research
                Pediatr Res
                Springer Nature
                0031-3998
                1530-0447
                January 26 2019
                Article
                10.1038/s41390-019-0307-x
                30685770
                473b1548-2662-49f2-a1fd-8267265b80fe
                © 2019

                http://www.springer.com/tdm

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