Prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among professional drivers: A systematic review

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Abstract

Objectives

Professional drivers are at high risk of developing musculoskeletal pain (MSP) due to risk factors such as prolonged sitting, whole body vibration, awkward posture, and repetitive actions. This review investigates the reported prevalence of MSP among professional drivers.

Methods

An electronic search of Medline (1946 + via OvidSP), Embase (1974 + OvidSP), CINAHL (1982+), AMED, PubMed, and Web of Science from 1990 to July 2019 was performed. Methodological quality of studies was assessed using three quality assessment tools for cross‐sectional, case‐control, and prospective cohort studies. The prevalence of MSP was reported using descriptive analysis.

Results

A total of 56 studies conducted in 23 different countries across a total of 14 types of occupational transport were reviewed. Data of a total pooled population of 18 882 professional drivers were analyzed for MSP. The prevalence of MSP ranged between 43.1% and 93%. The low back was the most frequently reported body region for MSP with a meta‐prevalence rate of 53% (N = 9998). Neck, shoulder, and upper back were the other common regions with high prevalence.

Conclusion

There is a high prevalence of MSP in professional drivers and low back was the most frequently reported body region, followed by neck, upper back, shoulder, knee, hip/thigh, wrist, ankle, and elbow. MSP is complicated in nature and therefore in‐depth exploration of causal relationships between MSP and risk factors is necessary so that appropriate healthcare programs can be initiated to prevent and treat MSP effectively.

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Most cited references 70

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Newcastle-Ottawa Scale: comparing reviewers’ to authors’ assessments

Carson Lo, Dominik Mertz, Mark Loeb (2014)

Background Lack of appropriate reporting of methodological details has previously been shown to distort risk of bias assessments in randomized controlled trials. The same might be true for observational studies. The goal of this study was to compare the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) assessment for risk of bias between reviewers and authors of cohort studies included in a published systematic review on risk factors for severe outcomes in patients infected with influenza. Methods Cohort studies included in the systematic review and published between 2008–2011 were included. The corresponding or first authors completed a survey covering all NOS items. Results were compared with the NOS assessment applied by reviewers of the systematic review. Inter-rater reliability was calculated using kappa (K) statistics. Results Authors of 65/182 (36%) studies completed the survey. The overall NOS score was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the reviewers’ assessment (median = 6; interquartile range [IQR] 6–6) compared with those by authors (median = 5, IQR 4–6). Inter-rater reliability by item ranged from slight (K = 0.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.19, 0.48) to poor (K = −0.06, 95% CI = −0.22, 0.10). Reliability for the overall score was poor (K = −0.004, 95% CI = −0.11, 0.11). Conclusions Differences in assessment and low agreement between reviewers and authors suggest the need to contact authors for information not published in studies when applying the NOS in systematic reviews.

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Musculoskeletal Health Conditions Represent a Global Threat to Healthy Aging: A Report for the 2015 World Health Organization World Report on Ageing and Health.

Andrew M. Briggs, Marita J Cross, Damian G Hoy … (2016)

Persistent pain, impaired mobility and function, and reduced quality of life and mental well-being are the most common experiences associated with musculoskeletal conditions, of which there are more than 150 types. The prevalence and impact of musculoskeletal conditions increase with aging. A profound burden of musculoskeletal disease exists in developed and developing nations. Notably, this burden far exceeds service capacity. Population growth, aging, and sedentary lifestyles, particularly in developing countries, will create a crisis for population health that requires a multisystem response with musculoskeletal health services as a critical component. Globally, there is an emphasis on maintaining an active lifestyle to reduce the impacts of obesity, cardiovascular conditions, cancer, osteoporosis, and diabetes in older people. Painful musculoskeletal conditions, however, profoundly limit the ability of people to make these lifestyle changes. A strong relationship exists between painful musculoskeletal conditions and a reduced capacity to engage in physical activity resulting in functional decline, frailty, reduced well-being, and loss of independence. Multilevel strategies and approaches to care that adopt a whole person approach are needed to address the impact of impaired musculoskeletal health and its sequelae. Effective strategies are available to address the impact of musculoskeletal conditions; some are of low cost (e.g., primary care-based interventions) but others are expensive and, as such, are usually only feasible for developed nations. In developing nations, it is crucial that any reform or development initiatives, including research, must adhere to the principles of development effectiveness to avoid doing harm to the health systems in these settings.

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The burden and determinants of neck pain in the general population: results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders.

Margareta Nordin, Linda J Carroll, J David Cassidy … (2009)

Best evidence synthesis. To undertake a best evidence synthesis of the published evidence on the burden and determinants of neck pain and its associated disorders in the general population. The evidence on burden and determinants of neck has not previously been summarized. The Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders performed a systematic search and critical review of literature published between 1980 and 2006 to assemble the best evidence on neck pain. Studies meeting criteria for scientific validity were included in a best evidence synthesis. We identified 469 studies on burden and determinants of neck pain, and judged 249 to be scientifically admissible; 101 articles related to the burden and determinants of neck pain in the general population. Incidence ranged from 0.055 per 1000 person years (disc herniation with radiculopathy) to 213 per 1000 persons (self-reported neck pain). Incidence of neck injuries during competitive sports ranged from 0.02 to 21 per 1000 exposures. The 12-month prevalence of pain typically ranged between 30% and 50%; the 12-month prevalence of activity-limiting pain was 1.7% to 11.5%. Neck pain was more prevalent among women and prevalence peaked in middle age. Risk factors for neck pain included genetics, poor psychological health, and exposure to tobacco. Disc degeneration was not identified as a risk factor. The use of sporting gear (helmets, face shields) to prevent other types of injury was not associated with increased neck injuries in bicycling, hockey, or skiing. Neck pain is common. Nonmodifiable risk factors for neck pain included age, gender, and genetics. Modifiable factors included smoking, exposure to tobacco, and psychological health. Disc degeneration was not identified as a risk factor. Future research should concentrate on longitudinal designs exploring preventive strategies and modifiable risk factors for neck pain.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Leonard Joseph:

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9356-7177

leonardjoseph85@hotmail.com

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Occup Health

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Occup Health

Journal ID (doi): 10.1002/(ISSN)1348-9585

Journal ID (publisher-id): JOH2

Title: Journal of Occupational Health

Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )

ISSN (Print): 1341-9145

ISSN (Electronic): 1348-9585

Publication date (Electronic): 18 August 2020

Publication date Collection: Jan-Dec 2020

Volume: 62

Issue: 1 ( doiID: 10.1002/joh2.v62.1 )

Electronic Location Identifier: e12150

Affiliations

[ ¹ ] School of Health Sciences University of Brighton East Sussex UK

[ ² ] Department of Physical Therapy Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand

[ ³ ] Karelia University of Applied Sciences Joensuu Finland

Author notes

[*] [* ] Correspondence

Leonard Joseph, School of Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Robert Dodd Building, 49 Darley Road, Eastbourne, East Sussex BN20 7UR, UK.

Email: leonardjoseph85@ 123456hotmail.com

Author information

Leonard Joseph https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9356-7177

Article

Publisher ID: JOH212150

DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12150

PMC ID: 7434558

PubMed ID: 32810918

SO-VID: 477b0242-6d31-4002-a427-bb5cb972d5d9

License:

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date received : 06 February 2020

Date revision received : 17 June 2020

Date accepted : 23 June 2020

Page count

Figures: 3, Tables: 5, Pages: 17, Words: 12100

Funding

Funded by: University of Brighton , open-funder-registry 10.13039/501100001312;

Custom metadata

source-schema-version-number 2.0

cover-date January/December 2020

details-of-publishers-convertor Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:5.8.6 mode:remove_FC converted:18.08.2020

Keywords: musculoskeletal pain,occupational health,prevalence,professional drivers,rehabilitation

Data availability:

Keywords: musculoskeletal pain, occupational health, prevalence, professional drivers, rehabilitation

Prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among professional drivers: A systematic review

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China Occupational Medicine

Most cited references 70

Newcastle-Ottawa Scale: comparing reviewers’ to authors’ assessments

Musculoskeletal Health Conditions Represent a Global Threat to Healthy Aging: A Report for the 2015 World Health Organization World Report on Ageing and Health.

The burden and determinants of neck pain in the general population: results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders.

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