To investigate the circumstances since the 1950s in which people who were attracted to members of the same sex received treatments to change their sexual orientation, the referral pathway and the process of therapy, and its aftermath. A nationwide study based on qualitative interviews. 29 people who had received treatments to change their sexual orientation in the United Kingdom and two relatives of former patients. Most participants had been distressed by their attraction to their own sex and people in whom they confided thought they needed treatment. Although some participants chose to undergo treatments instead of imprisonment or were encouraged through some form of medical coercion, most were responding to complex personal and social pressures that discouraged any expression of their sexuality. While many participants found happiness in same sex relationships after their treatment, most were left feeling emotionally distressed to some degree. The definition of same sex attraction as an illness and the development of treatments to eradicate such attraction have had a negative long term impact on individuals.