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      History of domestication and spread of Aedes aegypti - A Review

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          Abstract

          The adaptation of insect vectors of human diseases to breed in human habitats (domestication) is one of the most important phenomena in medical entomology. Considerable data are available on the vector mosquito Aedes aegypti in this regard and here we integrate the available information including genetics, behaviour, morphology, ecology and biogeography of the mosquito, with human history. We emphasise the tremendous amount of variation possessed by Ae. aegypti for virtually all traits considered. Typological thinking needs to be abandoned to reach a realistic and comprehensive understanding of this important vector of yellow fever, dengue and Chikungunya.

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          Invasions by insect vectors of human disease.

          L. Lounibos (2002)
          Nonindigenous vectors that arrive, establish, and spread in new areas have fomented throughout recorded history epidemics of human diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, typhus, and plague. Although some vagile vectors, such as adults of black flies, biting midges, and tsetse flies, have dispersed into new habitats by flight or wind, human-aided transport is responsible for the arrival and spread of most invasive vectors, such as anthropophilic fleas, lice, kissing bugs, and mosquitoes. From the fifteenth century to the present, successive waves of invasion of the vector mosquitoes Aedes aegypti, the Culex pipiens Complex, and, most recently, Aedes albopictus have been facilitated by worldwide ship transport. Aircraft have been comparatively unimportant for the transport of mosquito invaders. Mosquito species that occupy transportable container habitats, such as water-holding automobile tires, have been especially successful as recent invaders. Propagule pressure, previous success, and adaptations to human habits appear to favor successful invasions by vectors.
          Article 0 comments Cited 268 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Climate-driven ecosystem succession in the Sahara: the past 6000 years.

            S Kröpelin, D Verschuren, A-M Lézine … (2008)
            Desiccation of the Sahara since the middle Holocene has eradicated all but a few natural archives recording its transition from a "green Sahara" to the present hyperarid desert. Our continuous 6000-year paleoenvironmental reconstruction from northern Chad shows progressive drying of the regional terrestrial ecosystem in response to weakening insolation forcing of the African monsoon and abrupt hydrological change in the local aquatic ecosystem controlled by site-specific thresholds. Strong reductions in tropical trees and then Sahelian grassland cover allowed large-scale dust mobilization from 4300 calendar years before the present (cal yr B.P.). Today's desert ecosystem and regional wind regime were established around 2700 cal yr B.P. This gradual rather than abrupt termination of the African Humid Period in the eastern Sahara suggests a relatively weak biogeophysical feedback on climate.
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              Fever from the forest: prospects for the continued emergence of sylvatic dengue virus and its impact on public health.

              Jane Cardosa, Jane Cardosa, A. J. Hanley … (2011)
              The four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes that circulate among humans emerged independently from ancestral sylvatic progenitors that were present in non-human primates, following the establishment of human populations that were large and dense enough to support continuous inter-human transmission by mosquitoes. This ancestral sylvatic-DENV transmission cycle still exists and is maintained in non-human primates and Aedes mosquitoes in the forests of Southeast Asia and West Africa. Here, we provide an overview of the ecology and molecular evolution of sylvatic DENV and its potential for adaptation to human transmission. We also emphasize how the study of sylvatic DENV will improve our ability to understand, predict and, ideally, avert further DENV emergence.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz
                Title: Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
                Publisher: Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde
                ISSN (Print): 0074-0276
                ISSN (Electronic): 1678-8060
                Publication date (Print and electronic): December 2013
                Publication date (Print): December 2013
                Volume: 108
                Issue: Suppl 1
                Pages: 11-17
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
                [2 ] Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL, USA
                Author notes
                [+ ] Corresponding author: jeffrey.powell@ 123456yale.edu

                Financial support: NIH (RO1 AI046018, RO1 AI101112) (to JRP)

                Article
                Publisher ID: 0074-0276130395
                DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276130395
                PMC ID: 4109175
                PubMed ID: 24473798
                SO-VID: 47aecc01-ab24-4b75-ab64-279c22530a8a
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 09 August 2013
                Date accepted : 15 October 2013
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 1, References: 46, Pages: 7
                Funding
                Funded by: NIH
                Award ID: RO1 AI046018
                Funded by: NIH
                Award ID: RO1 AI101112
                Categories
                Subject: Articles

                Keywords: aedes aegypti,history biogeography,domestication,arboviruses
                Data availability:
                Keywords: aedes aegypti, history biogeography, domestication, arboviruses

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