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      The potential of artificial intelligence to improve patient safety: a scoping review

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          Abstract

          Artificial intelligence (AI) represents a valuable tool that could be used to improve the safety of care. Major adverse events in healthcare include: healthcare-associated infections, adverse drug events, venous thromboembolism, surgical complications, pressure ulcers, falls, decompensation, and diagnostic errors. The objective of this scoping review was to summarize the relevant literature and evaluate the potential of AI to improve patient safety in these eight harm domains. A structured search was used to query MEDLINE for relevant articles. The scoping review identified studies that described the application of AI for prediction, prevention, or early detection of adverse events in each of the harm domains. The AI literature was narratively synthesized for each domain, and findings were considered in the context of incidence, cost, and preventability to make projections about the likelihood of AI improving safety. Three-hundred and ninety-two studies were included in the scoping review. The literature provided numerous examples of how AI has been applied within each of the eight harm domains using various techniques. The most common novel data were collected using different types of sensing technologies: vital sign monitoring, wearables, pressure sensors, and computer vision. There are significant opportunities to leverage AI and novel data sources to reduce the frequency of harm across all domains. We expect AI to have the greatest impact in areas where current strategies are not effective, and integration and complex analysis of novel, unstructured data are necessary to make accurate predictions; this applies specifically to adverse drug events, decompensation, and diagnostic errors.

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          PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation

          Scoping reviews, a type of knowledge synthesis, follow a systematic approach to map evidence on a topic and identify main concepts, theories, sources, and knowledge gaps. Although more scoping reviews are being done, their methodological and reporting quality need improvement. This document presents the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) checklist and explanation. The checklist was developed by a 24-member expert panel and 2 research leads following published guidance from the EQUATOR (Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research) Network. The final checklist contains 20 essential reporting items and 2 optional items. The authors provide a rationale and an example of good reporting for each item. The intent of the PRISMA-ScR is to help readers (including researchers, publishers, commissioners, policymakers, health care providers, guideline developers, and patients or consumers) develop a greater understanding of relevant terminology, core concepts, and key items to report for scoping reviews.
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            High-performance medicine: the convergence of human and artificial intelligence

            Eric Topol (2019)
            The use of artificial intelligence, and the deep-learning subtype in particular, has been enabled by the use of labeled big data, along with markedly enhanced computing power and cloud storage, across all sectors. In medicine, this is beginning to have an impact at three levels: for clinicians, predominantly via rapid, accurate image interpretation; for health systems, by improving workflow and the potential for reducing medical errors; and for patients, by enabling them to process their own data to promote health. The current limitations, including bias, privacy and security, and lack of transparency, along with the future directions of these applications will be discussed in this article. Over time, marked improvements in accuracy, productivity, and workflow will likely be actualized, but whether that will be used to improve the patient-doctor relationship or facilitate its erosion remains to be seen.
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              A Surgical Safety Checklist to Reduce Morbidity and Mortality in a Global Population

              New England Journal of Medicine, 360(5), 491-499
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                dbates@bwh.harvard.edu
                Journal
                NPJ Digit Med
                NPJ Digit Med
                NPJ Digital Medicine
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2398-6352
                19 March 2021
                19 March 2021
                2021
                : 4
                : 54
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.62560.37, ISNI 0000 0004 0378 8294, Division of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, ; Boston, MA USA
                [2 ]GRID grid.38142.3c, ISNI 000000041936754X, Harvard Medical School, ; Boston, MA USA
                [3 ]GRID grid.38142.3c, ISNI 000000041936754X, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, ; Boston, MA USA
                [4 ]GRID grid.38142.3c, ISNI 000000041936754X, Harvard Business School, Harvard University, ; Boston, MA USA
                [5 ]IBM Watson Health, Cambridge, MA USA
                [6 ]GRID grid.412807.8, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9916, Department of Pediatric Surgery, , Vanderbilt University Medical Center, ; Nashville, TN USA
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6268-1540
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7161-9770
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9954-2795
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3242-8058
                Article
                423
                10.1038/s41746-021-00423-6
                7979747
                33742085
                47b3b20c-62e5-407f-a8a8-a849182e8788
                © The Author(s) 2021

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 27 April 2020
                : 16 February 2021
                Funding
                Funded by: IBM Watson
                Categories
                Review Article
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2021

                health care,scientific community
                health care, scientific community

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