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      Mechanochemical Stimulation of MCF7 Cells with Rod-Shaped Fe-Au Janus Particles Induces Cell Death Through Paradoxical Hyperactivation of ERK

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          Janus particles: synthesis, self-assembly, physical properties, and applications.

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            Nanomaterials: applications in cancer imaging and therapy.

            The application of nanomaterials (NMs) in biomedicine is increasing rapidly and offers excellent prospects for the development of new non-invasive strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. In this review, we provide a brief description of cancer pathology and the characteristics that are important for tumor-targeted NM design, followed by an overview of the different types of NMs explored to date, covering synthetic aspects and approaches explored for their application in unimodal and multimodal imaging, diagnosis and therapy. Significant synthetic advances now allow for the preparation of NMs with highly controlled geometry, surface charge, physicochemical properties, and the decoration of their surfaces with polymers and bioactive molecules in order to improve biocompatibility and to achieve active targeting. This is stimulating the development of a diverse range of nanometer-sized objects that can recognize cancer tissue, enabling visualization of tumors, delivery of anti-cancer drugs and/or the destruction of tumors by different therapeutic techniques. Copyright © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
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              Remote control of ion channels and neurons through magnetic-field heating of nanoparticles.

              Recently, optical stimulation has begun to unravel the neuronal processing that controls certain animal behaviours. However, optical approaches are limited by the inability of visible light to penetrate deep into tissues. Here, we show an approach based on radio-frequency magnetic-field heating of nanoparticles to remotely activate temperature-sensitive cation channels in cells. Superparamagnetic ferrite nanoparticles were targeted to specific proteins on the plasma membrane of cells expressing TRPV1, and heated by a radio-frequency magnetic field. Using fluorophores as molecular thermometers, we show that the induced temperature increase is highly localized. Thermal activation of the channels triggers action potentials in cultured neurons without observable toxic effects. This approach can be adapted to stimulate other cell types and, moreover, may be used to remotely manipulate other cellular machinery for novel therapeutics.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Advanced Healthcare Materials
                Adv. Healthcare Mater.
                Wiley
                21922640
                February 2015
                February 2015
                October 09 2014
                : 4
                : 3
                : 395-404
                Affiliations
                [1 ]UCD Nanomedicine Centre; School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
                [2 ]Department of Chemistry; University of Bahrain; P.O. Box: 32038 Sakheer Kingdom of Bahrain
                [3 ]Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin 2 Ireland
                [4 ]Systems Biology Ireland; UCD; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
                [5 ]UCD Conway Institute; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
                [6 ]School of Medicine and Medical Science; UCD; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
                Article
                10.1002/adhm.201400391
                47d182df-928c-4f94-bfbd-2b64372148c1
                © 2014

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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