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      Beneficios de la ingesta del Phlebodium decumanum sobre el daño muscular al efectuar ejercicio físico intenso en sujetos sedentarios Translated title: Benefits of Decumanum Phlebodium intake on the muscle damage in the response to intense physical exercise in sedentary subjects

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          Abstract

          Introducción: El ejercicio intenso provoca un daño muscular inflamatorio que, en sujetos sedentarios provoca un aumento del riesgo cardiovascular. El Phlebodium decumanum (PD) ha evidenciado efectos inmunomoduladores protectores frente a ese daño en los deportistas. Para conocer los efectos del PD en una población sedentaria frente al ejercicio excéntrico, y como modelo del daño muscular inflamatorio. Metodología: Se llevó a cabo un estudio experimental, doble ciego, multigrupo, randomizado, con un grupo experimental (n = 17) al que se le administró una formulación de PD (3,6 g/sujeto distribuidos en 9 dosis de 400 mg desde el 3.er día pretest), y un grupo control (n = 16) que tomó sustancia placebo. Se realizaron dos ergoespirometrías en tapiz rodante a cada participante: una previa al estudio (protocolo de Bruce modificado) para descartar signos de isquemia durante el esfuerzo y valorar el VO2max; la segunda, aplicando un protocolo excéntrico (14% de desnivel descendente), durante 10 minutos en estado estable a una intensidad entre 70-80% del VO2max individual, como protocolo experimental. Se efectuaron comparaciones intragrupo e intergrupo del porcentaje de cambio pre-postesfuerzo en variables sanguíneas y de funcionalidad muscular. Resultados: El estudio evidencia aumentos significativos de enzimas musculares MG, CPK y LDH en los dos grupos de estudio, sin cambios para la TncI, siendo significativamente menores en el grupo al que se le administró PD. Se observaron reducciones significativas de los test funcionales SJ, CMJ en ambos grupos, lo que mostró un apreciable menor descenso en el grupo PD. Se apreció una reducción del índice elástico y de la dinamomentría manual solo en el grupo control, aunque las diferencias con el grupo PD no alcanzaron una significación estadística. Conclusiones: El protocolo del ejercicio excéntrico en el presente estudio ha inducido daños musculoesqueléticos y en la funcionalidad muscular, que han resultado significativamente menores en el grupo PD, al mostrar los efectos protectores del Phlebodium Decumanum en tratamientos cortos, frente al daño muscular también en el esfuerzo agudo.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction: Intense physical exercise provoke muscle damage, that in sedentary people can increase cardiovascular risk. Phlebodium decumanum (PD) has shown to have immunomodulator effects in models of moderate-intense physical activities in well conditioned groups. To evaluate the PD effects during eccentric exercise, as a model of muscle inflammation protocol, on a sedentary population with cardiovascular risk. Methods: This is an experimental, double-blind, multigroup randomized study. Experimental Group 1 (n = 17) received PD, 9 dosis of 400 mg (total amount 3.6 g) every 8 hours during 3 days, and Control Group 2 (n = 16) received a placebo. All the subjects performed two treadmill ergoespirometry tests: first, a modified Bruce protocol to discard ischemic responses during exercise and to evaluate VO2max before the experimental phase; and second, with an eccentric protocol (14% descending ramp test) during 10 minutes in stable state at 70-80% VO2max, as experimental inflammatory protocol. We compared intra and inter groups to evaluate differences in the pre and post-test differences results on blood muscle damage variables. Results: The study shown statistically significant differences in all pre-post intra-groups results in muscle damage variables (CK, LDH and Myoglobin, but not in Cardiac Troponin), and in functional lower-limb test (SJ and CMJ). The comparison of inter-group results shown less muscle damage and less functional lower-limb deterioration in Group 1 compared with Control group, with statistical significance in both cases. Differences in hand grip dynamometry were no statistically significant. Conclusions: The eccentric exercise protocol in that study has proven to be a good model to induce muscle and functional damage in sedentary people. Short PD treatment has shown to reduce muscle and functional acute damages compared with placebo control group in this specific population.

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          Revision of the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q).

          The original Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) offers a safe preliminary screening of candidates for exercise testing and prescription, but it screens out what seems an excessive proportion of apparently healthy older adults. To reduce unnecessary exclusions, an expert committee established by Fitness Canada has now revised the questionnaire wording. The present study compares responses to the original and the revised PAR-Q questionnaire in 399 men and women attending 40 accredited fitness testing centres across Canada. The number of subjects screened out by the revised test decreased significantly (p < .05), from 68 to 48 of the 399 subjects. The change reflects in part the inclusion of individuals who had made an erroneous positive response to the original question regarding high blood pressure. There is no simple gold standard to provide an objective evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of either questionnaire format, but the revised wording has apparently had the intended effect of reducing positive responses, particularly to the question regarding an elevation of blood pressure.
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            Evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in chronic disease.

            Considerable knowledge has accumulated in recent decades concerning the significance of physical activity in the treatment of a number of diseases, including diseases that do not primarily manifest as disorders of the locomotive apparatus. In this review we present the evidence for prescribing exercise therapy in the treatment of metabolic syndrome-related disorders (insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity), heart and pulmonary diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, chronic heart failure, intermittent claudication), muscle, bone and joint diseases (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome) and cancer, depression, asthma and type 1 diabetes. For each disease, we review the effect of exercise therapy on disease pathogenesis, on symptoms specific to the diagnosis, on physical fitness or strength and on quality of life. The possible mechanisms of action are briefly examined and the principles for prescribing exercise therapy are discussed, focusing on the type and amount of exercise and possible contraindications.
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              Muscle-derived interleukin-6: mechanisms for activation and possible biological roles.

              It has recently been demonstrated that the marked increase in the systemic concentration of cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) seen with exercise originates from the contracting limb and that skeletal muscle cells per se are the likely source of the production. This review summarizes the possible mechanisms for activation and biological consequences of muscle-derived IL-6. It appears that intramuscular IL-6 is stimulated by complex signaling cascades initiated by both calcium (Ca2+) -dependent and -independent stimuli. It also seems likely that skeletal muscle produces IL-6 to aid in maintaining metabolic homeostasis during periods of altered metabolic demand such as muscular exercise or insulin stimulation. It may do so via local and/or systemic effects. This review also explores the efficacy that IL-6 may be used as a therapeutic drug in treating metabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Sociedad Española de Nutrición Parenteral y Enteral (Madrid )
                0212-1611
                June 2014
                : 29
                : 6
                : 1408-1418
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Centro Andaluz de Medicina del Deporte de Granada España
                [2 ] Universidad de Granada España
                [3 ] Hospital Universitario San Juan de Dios España
                [4 ] Universidad de Granada España
                [5 ] Servicio Andaluz de Salud (Jaén) España
                Article
                S0212-16112014000600026
                47eb46cc-1b70-46e2-b628-ae28b3c4f612

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Categories
                NUTRITION & DIETETICS

                Nutrition & Dietetics
                Phlebodium decumanum,Muscle damage,Sedentary population,Intense physical exercise,Daño muscular,Sujetos sedentarios,Ejercicio físico intenso

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