Evaluation of the Waste Tire Resources Recovery Program and Environmental Health Policy in Taiwan

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Abstract

This paper examines the effectiveness of Taiwanese environmental health policies, whose aim is to improve environmental quality by reducing tire waste via the Tire Resource Recovery Program. The results confirm that implemented environmental health policies improve the overall health of the population (i.e. a decrease in death caused by bronchitis and other respiratory diseases). Current policy expenditures are far below the optimal level, as it is estimated that a ten percent increase in the subsidy would decrease the number of deaths caused by bronchitis and other respiratory diseases by 0.58% per county/city per year on average.

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Most cited references 41

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Econometric analysis

W. Greene, W Greene, H. William … (2002)

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Appraisal, coping, health status, and psychological symptoms.

Susan Folkman, Richard S. Lazarus, Rand Gruen … (1986)

In this study we examined the relation between personality factors (mastery and interpersonal trust), primary appraisal (the stakes a person has in a stressful encounter), secondary appraisal (options for coping), eight forms of problem- and emotion-focused coping, and somatic health status and psychological symptoms in a sample of 150 community-residing adults. Appraisal and coping processes should be characterized by a moderate degree of stability across stressful encounters for them to have an effect on somatic health status and psychological symptoms. These processes were assessed in five different stressful situations that subjects experienced in their day-to-day lives. Certain processes (e.g., secondary appraisal) were highly variable, whereas others (e.g., emotion-focused forms of coping) were moderately stable. We entered mastery and interpersonal trust, and primary appraisal and coping variables (aggregated over five occasions), into regression analyses of somatic health status and psychological symptoms. The variables did not explain a significant amount of the variance in somatic health status, but they did explain a significant amount of the variance in psychological symptoms. The pattern of relations indicated that certain variables were positively associated and others negatively associated with symptoms.

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The distributed lag between air pollution and daily deaths.

Allison R. Schwartz (2000)

Many studies have reported associations between air pollution and daily deaths. Those studies have not consistently specified the lag between exposure and response, although most have found associations that persisted for more than 1 day. A systematic approach to specifying the lag association would allow better comparison across sites and give insight into the nature of the relation. To examine this question, I fit unconstrained and constrained distributed lag relations to the association between daily deaths of persons 65 years of age and older with PM10 in 10 U.S. cities (New Haven, Birmingham, Pittsburgh, Canton, Detroit, Chicago, Minneapolis, Colorado Springs, Spokane, and Seattle) that had daily monitoring for PM10. After control for temperature, humidity, barometric pressure, day of the week, and seasonal patterns, I found evidence in each city that the effect of a single day's exposure to PM10 was manifested across several days. Averaging over the 10 cities, the overall effect of an increase in exposure of 10 microg/m3 on a single day was a 1.4% increase in deaths (95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.15-1.68) using a quadratic distributed lag model, and a 1.3% increase (95% CI = 1.04-1.56) using an unconstrained distributed lag model. In contrast, constraining the model to assume the effect all occurs in one day resulted in an estimate of only 0.65% (95% CI = 0.49-0.81), indicating that this constraint leads to a substantial underestimate of effect. Combining the estimated effect at each day's lag across the 10 cities showed that the effect was spread over several days and did not reach zero until 5 days after the exposure. Given the distribution of sensitivities likely in the general population, this result is biologically plausible. I also found a protective effect of barometric pressure in all 10 locations.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Environ Res Public Health

Journal ID (publisher-id): 101238455

Title: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Publisher: Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)

ISSN (Print): 1661-7827

ISSN (Electronic): 1660-4601

Publication date (Print): March 2009

Publication date (Electronic): 12 March 2009

Volume: 6

Issue: 3

Pages: 1075-1094

Affiliations

[1 ] New York Medical College School of Public Health, 95 Grasslands Road, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA

[2 ] Rutgers University, the State University of New Jersey, 311 North Fifth Street, Camden, New Jersey 08102, USA; E-Mails: tyamada@ 123456crab.rutgers.edu (T.Y.); ichiu@ 123456camden.rutgers.edu (I-M.C.)

[3 ] Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) of Taiwan, No.83, Sec. 1, Jhonghua Rd., Jhongjheng District, Taipei City 100, Taiwan; E-Mail: ykliu@ 123456sun.epa.gov.tw

[4 ] Department of Public Health College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, No.510, Jhongjheng Rd., Sinjhuang City, Taipei County 24205

Author notes

[* ]Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ChiaChing_Chen@ 123456nymc.edu ; Tel.: +1-914-594-3379; Fax: +1-914-594-3481

Article

Publisher ID: ijerph-06-01075

DOI: 10.3390/ijerph6031075

PMC ID: 2672379

PubMed ID: 19440434

SO-VID: 482ac7a9-14b8-4c57-aad4-3aadc83e61f5

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This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

Evaluation of the Waste Tire Resources Recovery Program and Environmental Health Policy in Taiwan

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Global Health Next Generation Network

Most cited references 41

Econometric analysis

Appraisal, coping, health status, and psychological symptoms.

The distributed lag between air pollution and daily deaths.

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