Pilas de botón impactadas en esófago: una emergencia quirúrgica potencialmente fatal en la infancia

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Abstract

Resumen Con la reciente popularización de las pilas de botón, ha aumentado la incidencia de casos de niños que las ingieren. A diferencia de otros cuerpos extraños, es más probable que las pilas de botón desarrollen complicaciones graves debido a la posibilidad de lesionar precozmente los tejidos con los que contactan. Se presenta el caso de un niño de 22 meses de edad que ingirió una pila de botón que quedó impactada en esófago cervical. Su retirada por vía endoscópica fue imposible, precisando esofagotomía abierta para su extracción. En el postoperatorio presentó una fístula esófago-cutánea que cerró espontáneamente, y una estenosis esofágica que se resolvió mediante dilataciones endoscópicas con balón. Analizamos las recomendaciones descritas en la literatura reciente contrastándolas con nuestro protocolo de actuación ante ingesta de cuerpos extraños, y se proponen medidas a la industria electrónica para reducir el riesgo de ingestión de pilas de botón en niños pequeños.

Translated abstract

Abstract With the recent popularization of button batteries, the incidence of cases of children who ingest them has risen. Unlike other foreign bodies, button batteries are more likely to develop severe complications due to the possibility of early injury to the tissues in direct contact with them. We present the case of a 22-month-old boy who ingested a button battery which subsequently became lodged in the cervical esophagus. The endoscopic attempt to remove the battery failed, requiring an open esophagotomy for its extraction. In the postoperative period, he presented an esophagocutaneous fistula that closed spontaneously, and an esophageal stricture that was treated successfully with endoscopic balloon dilations. We reviewed the literature analyzing the recommendations recently outlined and contrasted them with our own protocol for management of ingested foreign bodies. In addition, measures aimed at reducing the risk of button battery ingestion in small children are proposed to the electronics manufacturing industry.

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The role of fiberoptic endoscopy in the management of corrosive ingestion and modified endoscopic classification of burns

Saroj Mehta, Rakesh Kochhar, Showkat Ali Zargar … (1991)

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Serious complications after button battery ingestion in children

Hilde Krom, Margot Visser, Jessie M. Hulst … (2018)

Serious and fatal complications after button battery ingestion are increasing worldwide. The aim of this study is to describe serious complications after battery ingestion in children in the Netherlands. All pediatric gastroenterologists in the Netherlands performing upper endoscopies were asked to report all serious complications after battery ingestion in children (0–18 years) between 2008 and 2016 retrospectively. Sixteen serious complications were reported: death after massive bleeding through esophageal-aortal fistula (n = 1), esophageal-tracheal fistula (n = 5), stenosis after (suspected) perforation and mediastinitis (n = 5), (suspected) perforation and mediastinitis (n = 3), vocal cord paralysis (n = 1), and required reintubation for dyspnea and stridor (n = 1). The median time interval between ingestion and presentation was 5 (IQR 2–258) h. All children were ≤ 5 (median 1.4; IQR 0.9–2.1) years. Vomiting (31.3%), swallowing/feeding problems (31.3%), and fever (31.3%) were the most common presenting symptoms; however, 18.8% of the patients were asymptomatic (n = 1 missing). All batteries were button batteries (75% ≥ 20 mm; 18.8% < 20 mm; n = 1 missing). The batteries were removed by esophagogastroduodenoscopy (50%) and rigid endoscopy (37.5%) or surgically (12.5%). Conclusion: Sixteen serious complications occurred after small and large button batteries ingestion between 2008 and 2016 in both symptomatic and asymptomatic children in the Netherlands. Therefore, immediate intervention after (suspected) button battery ingestion is required. What is Known: • Button battery ingestion may result in serious and fatal complications. • Serious and fatal complications after button battery ingestion are increasing worldwide. What is New: • Sixteen serious complications after button battery ingestion occurred during 2008–2016 in children in the Netherlands. • Serious complications were also caused by small batteries (< 20 mm) in the Netherlands and also occurred in asymptomatic Dutch children.