Optimization of dyes and toxic metals removal from environmental water samples by clinoptilolite zeolite using response surface methodology approach

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Abstract

The present study aimed to remove crystal violet (CV), malachite green (MG), Cd(II), and Pb(II) from an aqueous solution using clinoptilolite zeolite (CZ) as an adsorbent. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) was used to analyze and optimize the process parameters, such as pH, analyte concentration, adsorbent amount, and sonication time. Quadratic models with the coefficient of determination (R ²) of 0.99 ( p < 0.0001) were compared statistically. The results revealed that the selected models have good precision and a good agreement between the predicted and experimental data. The maximum removal of contaminants was achieved under optimum conditions of pH = 6, sonication time of 22 min, the adsorbent amount of 0.19 g, and analyte concentration of 10 mg L ⁻¹. The reusability test of the adsorbent showed that the CZ adsorbent could be used 5 times in water and wastewater treatment processes. According to the results of interference studies, the presence of different ions, even at high concentrations, does not interfere with the removal of contaminants. Applying the CZ adsorbent on environmental water samples revealed that CZ adsorbent could remove CV, MG, Cd(II), and Pb(II) in the range of 84.54% to 99.38% and contaminants present in industrial effluents. As a result, the optimized method in this study can be widely used with high efficiency for removing CV, MG, Cd(II), and Pb(II) from water and wastewater samples.

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Plasma Hsp90 levels in patients with systemic sclerosis and relation to lung and skin involvement: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study

Hana Storkanova, Sabina Oreska, Maja Spiritovic … (2021)

Our previous study demonstrated increased expression of Heat shock protein (Hsp) 90 in the skin of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). We aimed to evaluate plasma Hsp90 in SSc and characterize its association with SSc-related features. Ninety-two SSc patients and 92 age-/sex-matched healthy controls were recruited for the cross-sectional analysis. The longitudinal analysis comprised 30 patients with SSc associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) routinely treated with cyclophosphamide. Hsp90 was increased in SSc compared to healthy controls. Hsp90 correlated positively with C-reactive protein and negatively with pulmonary function tests: forced vital capacity and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO). In patients with diffuse cutaneous (dc) SSc, Hsp90 positively correlated with the modified Rodnan skin score. In SSc-ILD patients treated with cyclophosphamide, no differences in Hsp90 were found between baseline and after 1, 6, or 12 months of therapy. However, baseline Hsp90 predicts the 12-month change in DLCO. This study shows that Hsp90 plasma levels are increased in SSc patients compared to age-/sex-matched healthy controls. Elevated Hsp90 in SSc is associated with increased inflammatory activity, worse lung functions, and in dcSSc, with the extent of skin involvement. Baseline plasma Hsp90 predicts the 12-month change in DLCO in SSc-ILD patients treated with cyclophosphamide.

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Management of validation of HPLC method for determination of acetylsalicylic acid impurities in a new pharmaceutical product

Małgorzata Kowalska, Magdalena M. Woźniak, Michał Kijek … (2022)

The work mainly focused on a validation of the method for determining the content of salicylic acid and individual unknown impurities in new pharmaceutical product—tablets containing: 75, 100 or 150 mg of acetylsalicylic acid and glycine in the amount of 40 mg for each dosage. The separation of the components was carried out by means of HPLC, using a Waters Symmetry C18 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm) as the stationary phase. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of 85% orthophosphoric acid, acetonitrile and purified water (2:400:600 V/V/V). Detection was carried out at a wavelength of 237 nm, with a constant flow rate of 1.0 ml min −1 . In order to verify the method, linearity, precision (repeatability and reproducibility), accuracy, specificity, range, robustness, system precision, stability of the test and standard solution, limit of quantification and forced degradation were determined. Validation tests were performed in accordance with ICH (International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use) guidelines. The method was validated successfully. It was confirmed that the method in a tested range of 0.005–0.40% salicylic acid with respect to acetylsalicylic acid content is linear, precise and accurate.

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Removal of basic dye Auramine-O by ZnS:Cu nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon: optimization of parameters using response surface methodology with central composite design

Arash Asfaram, Mehrorang Ghaedi, Shilpi Agarwal … (2015)

FESEM images of the prepared ZnS:Cu-NPs-AC. This research is focused on the ultrasound-assisted removal of Auramine-O (AO) dye from aqueous solutions using ZnS:Cu nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon (ZnS:Cu-NP-AC) as an adsorbent. ZnS:Cu nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized using FESEM (Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy) and XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) analysis. The experiments were designed by response surface methodology. A quadratic model was used to predict the variables. Analysis of variance was used for investigation of variables and interaction between them. High F -value (48.91), very low P -value (<0.00001), non-significant lack of fit, and the determination coefficient ( R 2 = 0.977) demonstrate good correlation between experimental and predicted values of the response. The highest removal percent attained was 99.76%, and the optimum parameters achieved are: adsorbent amount (0.02 g), initial dye concentration (20 mg L −1 ), sonication time (3 min) and pH = 7. Adsorption processes of AO by ZnS:Cu-NP-AC could be well described by a Langmuir isotherm and a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The maximum adsorption capacity of AO by ZnS:Cu-NP-AC was determined as 183.15 mg g −1 , suggesting a highly promising potential for ZnS:Cu-NP-AC to be used as a new adsorbent.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Xinpo Sun: xinpohd@163.com

Milad Ghoroqi: Milad.Ghoroqi@ut.ac.ir

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sci Rep

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sci Rep

Title: Scientific Reports

Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 2045-2322

Publication date (Electronic): 2 August 2022

Publication date PMC-release: 2 August 2022

Publication date Collection: 2022

Volume: 12

Electronic Location Identifier: 13218

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.412605.4, ISNI 0000 0004 1798 1351, College of Civil Engineering, , Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, ; Zigong, 643000 China

[2 ]Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq

[3 ]GRID grid.46072.37, ISNI 0000 0004 0612 7950, Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environment, College of Engineering, , University of Tehran, ; Tehran, Iran

[4 ]GRID grid.444419.8, ISNI 0000 0004 1767 0991, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Durgapur, ; Durgapur, West Bengal India

[5 ]GRID grid.412828.5, ISNI 0000 0001 0692 6937, Faculty of Engineering, , Udayana University, ; Bali, 80361 Indonesia

[6 ]GRID grid.444829.7, ISNI 0000 0004 0403 3045, Economic Security Department, , Tashkent State University of Economics, ; Tashkent, Uzbekistan

[7 ]Medical Instrumentation Techniques Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq

Article

Publisher ID: 17636

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17636-8

PMC ID: 9345950

PubMed ID: 35918466

SO-VID: 487b3812-9268-4d82-bc98-5fecb00c8c2d

License:

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

Date received : 28 April 2022

Date accepted : 28 July 2022

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

Keywords: environmental sciences,chemistry

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

Keywords: environmental sciences, chemistry

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