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      Relación entre sobrepeso y obesidad con la progresión de la enfermedad renal crónica en pacientes del Centro Médico Naval en México Translated title: Association between overweight and obesity with the progression of chronic kidney disease in patients of Centro Médico Naval in Mexico.

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción: La progresión de la enfermedad renal crónica podría estar asociada directa o indirectamente al sobrepeso y la obesidad; sin embargo, hasta el momento no hay evidencias suficientes para constatar esta relación. Objetivo: Determinar si el sobrepeso y obesidad son factores que contribuyen a una progresión más acelerada de la enfermedad renal crónica en una muestra de pacientes del Centro Médico Naval. Material y Método: A través de un estudio cuantitativo y observacional, de tipo comparativo, longitudinal y retrospectivo, se determinaron los cambios en el normopeso, sobrepeso y obesidad en 44 pacientes. La progresión de la enfermedad renal crónica se determinó con base en la tasa de filtración glomerular y niveles de albuminuria que presentaron estos pacientes. Los datos se recabaron con un instrumento de registro de diseño propio, durante un seguimiento de 3 años que se llevó a cabo de enero de 2019 a diciembre de 2021. Resultados: Los resultados muestran una tendencia al aumento en la progresión de la enfermedad renal crónica. Conclusiones: A pesar de que se encontró una tendencia al aumento, no se pudo probar una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la obesidad y el sobrepeso con la progresión de esta enfermedad.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Introduction: The progression of chronic kidney disease could be directly or indirectly associated with overweight and obesity; however, until now there is not enough evidence to verify this association. Objective: To determine if overweight and obesity are factors that contribute to a more accelerated progression of chronic kidney disease in a sample of patients from the Centro Médico Naval. Material and Method: A comparative, longitudinal, and retrospective study was carried out. Changes in normal weight, overweight, and obesity were determined based on glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria levels presented by such patients. Data collection was performed using a custom-designed instrument during a 3-year follow-up from January 2019 to December 2021. Results: The results show an increasing trend in the progression of chronic kidney disease. Conclusions: Despite the increasing trend, a statistically significant association between overweight and obesity and the progression of this disease could not be proven.

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          Most cited references22

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          KDIGO 2020 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease

          (2020)
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            Harmonizing acute and chronic kidney disease definition and classification: report of a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Consensus Conference

            Kidney disease is an important public health problem. Both acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease have been well defined and classified, leading to improved research efforts and subsequent management strategies and recommendations. For those patients with abnormalities in kidney function and/or structure who meet neither the definition of AKI nor chronic kidney disease, there remains a gap in research, care, and guidance. The term acute kidney diseases and disorders, abbreviated to acute kidney disease (AKD), has been introduced as an important construct to address this. To expand and harmonize existing definitions and to ultimately better inform research and clinical care, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) organized a consensus workshop. Multiple invitees from around the globe, representing both acute and chronic kidney disease researchers and experts, met virtually to examine existing data, and discuss key concepts related to AKD. Despite some remaining unresolved questions, conference attendees reached general consensus on the definition and classification of AKD, management strategies, and research priorities. AKD is defined by abnormalities of kidney function and/or structure with implications for health and with a duration of ≤3 months. AKD may include AKI, but, more importantly, also includes abnormalities in kidney function that are not as severe as AKI or that develop over a period of >7 days. The cause(s) of AKD should be sought, and classification includes functional and structural parameters. Management of AKD is currently based on empirical considerations. A robust research agenda to enable refinement and validation of definitions and classification systems, and thus testing of interventions and strategies, is proposed.
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              Lipotoxicity and Diabetic Nephropathy: Novel Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Opportunities

              Lipotoxicity is characterized by the ectopic accumulation of lipids in organs different from adipose tissue. Lipotoxicity is mainly associated with dysfunctional signaling and insulin resistance response in non-adipose tissue such as myocardium, pancreas, skeletal muscle, liver, and kidney. Serum lipid abnormalities and renal ectopic lipid accumulation have been associated with the development of kidney diseases, in particular diabetic nephropathy. Chronic hyperinsulinemia, often seen in type 2 diabetes, plays a crucial role in blood and liver lipid metabolism abnormalities, thus resulting in increased non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Excessive lipid accumulation alters cellular homeostasis and activates lipogenic and glycogenic cell-signaling pathways. Recent evidences indicate that both quantity and quality of lipids are involved in renal damage associated to lipotoxicity by activating inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell-death. The pathological effects of lipotoxicity have been observed in renal cells, thus promoting podocyte injury, tubular damage, mesangial proliferation, endothelial activation, and formation of macrophage-derived foam cells. Therefore, this review examines the recent preclinical and clinical research about the potentially harmful effects of lipids in the kidney, metabolic markers associated with these mechanisms, major signaling pathways affected, the causes of excessive lipid accumulation, and the types of lipids involved, as well as offers a comprehensive update of therapeutic strategies targeting lipotoxicity.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                enefro
                Enfermería Nefrológica
                Enferm Nefrol
                Sociedad Española de Enfermería Nefrológica (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                2254-2884
                2255-3517
                March 2023
                : 26
                : 1
                : 60-66
                Affiliations
                [1] Ciudad de México orgnameCentro Médico Naval México
                Article
                S2254-28842023000100007 S2254-2884(23)02600100007
                10.37551/s2254-28842023007
                487f1b0e-8f62-4ddf-82eb-f12fccc5f33f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 17 November 2022
                : 25 January 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 22, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                obesidad,sobrepeso,enfermedad renal crónica,índice de masa corporal (IMC),obesity,overweight,chronic kidney disease,body mass index (BMI)

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