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      Effects of 8-hour time restricted feeding on body weight and metabolic disease risk factors in obese adults: A pilot study

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          Abstract

          BACKGROUND:

          Time restricted feeding decreases energy intake without calorie counting and may be a viable option for weight loss. However, the effect of this diet on body weight in obese subjects has never been examined.

          OBJECTIVE:

          This study investigated the effects of 8-h time restricted feeding on body weight and metabolic disease risk factors in obese adults.

          DESIGN:

          Obese subjects ( n = 23) participated in an 8-h time restricted feeding intervention (ad libitum feeding between 10:00 to 18:00 h, water fasting between 18:00 to 10:00 h) for 12 weeks. Weight loss and other outcomes were compared to a matched historical control group ( n = 23).

          RESULTS:

          Body weight and energy intake decreased in the time restricted group (–2.6% ± 0.5; –341 ± 53 kcal/d) relative to controls over 12 weeks ( P < 0.05). Systolic blood pressure decreased in the time restricted feeding group (–7 ± 2 mm Hg) versus controls ( P < 0.05). Fat mass, lean mass, visceral fat mass, diastolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and homocysteine were not significantly different from controls after 12 weeks (no group×time interaction).

          CONCLUSION:

          These findings suggest that 8-h time restricted feeding produces mild caloric restriction and weight loss, without calorie counting. It may also offer clinical benefits by reducing blood pressure.

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          Most cited references28

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          2013 AHA/ACC/TOS guideline for the management of overweight and obesity in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and The Obesity Society.

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            Fasting, Circadian Rhythms, and Time-Restricted Feeding in Healthy Lifespan.

            Most animals alternate periods of feeding with periods of fasting often coinciding with sleep. Upon >24 hr of fasting, humans, rodents, and other mammals enter alternative metabolic phases, which rely less on glucose and more on ketone body-like carbon sources. Both intermittent and periodic fasting result in benefits ranging from the prevention to the enhanced treatment of diseases. Similarly, time-restricted feeding (TRF), in which food consumption is restricted to certain hours of the day, allows the daily fasting period to last >12 hr, thus imparting pleiotropic benefits. Understanding the mechanistic link between nutrients and the fasting benefits is leading to the identification of fasting-mimicking diets (FMDs) that achieve changes similar to those caused by fasting. Given the pleiotropic and sustained benefits of TRF and FMDs, both basic science and translational research are warranted to develop fasting-associated interventions into feasible, effective, and inexpensive treatments with the potential to improve healthspan.
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              Fasting: molecular mechanisms and clinical applications.

              Fasting has been practiced for millennia, but, only recently, studies have shed light on its role in adaptive cellular responses that reduce oxidative damage and inflammation, optimize energy metabolism, and bolster cellular protection. In lower eukaryotes, chronic fasting extends longevity, in part, by reprogramming metabolic and stress resistance pathways. In rodents intermittent or periodic fasting protects against diabetes, cancers, heart disease, and neurodegeneration, while in humans it helps reduce obesity, hypertension, asthma, and rheumatoid arthritis. Thus, fasting has the potential to delay aging and help prevent and treat diseases while minimizing the side effects caused by chronic dietary interventions.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Nutr Healthy Aging
                Nutr Healthy Aging
                NHA
                Nutrition and Healthy Aging
                IOS Press (Nieuwe Hemweg 6B, 1013 BG Amsterdam, The Netherlands )
                2451-9480
                2451-9502
                11 May 2018
                15 June 2018
                2018
                : 4
                : 4
                : 345-353
                Affiliations
                [a ] Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
                [b ] School of Public Health, Indiana University , Bloomington, IN, USA
                [c ] Regulatory Biology Lab, Salk Institute for Biological Studies , La Jolla, CA, USA
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: Krista A. Varady, PhD, Associate Professor of Nutrition, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 West Taylor Street, Room 532, Chicago, 60612, IL, USA. Tel.: +1 312 996 7897; E-mail: varady@ 123456uic.edu .
                Article
                NHA170036
                10.3233/NHA-170036
                6004924
                29951594
                48af7627-caf3-4178-9494-0c76f84d6f36
                © 2018 – IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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                Categories
                Research Report

                time restricted feeding,intermittent fasting,body weight,metabolic disease risk factors,obese adults

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