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      Practical protocol for lung magnetic resonance imaging and common clinical indications

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Imaging speed, spatial resolution and availability have made CT the favored cross-sectional imaging modality for evaluating various respiratory diseases of children — but only for the price of a radiation exposure. MRI is increasingly being appreciated as an alternative to CT, not only for offering three-dimensional (3-D) imaging without radiation exposure at only slightly inferior spatial resolution, but also for its superior soft-tissue contrast and exclusive morpho-functional imaging capacities beyond the scope of CT. Continuing technical improvements and experience with this so far under-utilized modality contribute to a growing acceptance of MRI for an increasing number of indications, in particular for pediatric patients. This review article provides the reader with practical easy-to-use protocols for common clinical indications in children. This is intended to encourage pediatric radiologists to appreciate the new horizons for applications of this rapidly evolving technique in the field of pediatric respiratory diseases.

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          Optimized 3D ultrashort echo time pulmonary MRI.

          Kevin M Johnson, Sean Fain, Mark Schiebler … (2013)
          To optimize 3D radial ultrashort echo time MRI for high resolution whole-lung imaging.
          Article 0 comments Cited 67 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Non-contrast-enhanced perfusion and ventilation assessment of the human lung by means of fourier decomposition in proton MRI.

            Michael Deimling, C. Hintze, Vladimir Jellus … (2009)
            Assessment of regional lung perfusion and ventilation has significant clinical value for the diagnosis and follow-up of pulmonary diseases. In this work a new method of non-contrast-enhanced functional lung MRI (not dependent on intravenous or inhalative contrast agents) is proposed. A two-dimensional (2D) true fast imaging with steady precession (TrueFISP) pulse sequence (TR/TE = 1.9 ms/0.8 ms, acquisition time [TA] = 112 ms/image) was implemented on a 1.5T whole-body MR scanner. The imaging protocol comprised sets of 198 lung images acquired with an imaging rate of 3.33 images/s in coronal and sagittal view. No electrocardiogram (ECG) or respiratory triggering was used. A nonrigid image registration algorithm was applied to compensate for respiratory motion. Rapid data acquisition allowed observing intensity changes in corresponding lung areas with respect to the cardiac and respiratory frequencies. After a Fourier analysis along the time domain, two spectral lines corresponding to both frequencies were used to calculate the perfusion- and ventilation-weighted images. The described method was applied in preliminary studies on volunteers and patients showing clinical relevance to obtain non-contrast-enhanced perfusion and ventilation data.
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              MRI of the lung (2/3). Why … when … how?

              J. Biederer, Gertrude Beer, W. Hirsch … (2012)
              Background Among the modalities for lung imaging, proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been the latest to be introduced into clinical practice. Its value to replace X-ray and computed tomography (CT) when radiation exposure or iodinated contrast material is contra-indicated is well acknowledged: i.e. for paediatric patients and pregnant women or for scientific use. One of the reasons why MRI of the lung is still rarely used, except in a few centres, is the lack of consistent protocols customised to clinical needs. Methods This article makes non-vendor-specific protocol suggestions for general use with state-of-the-art MRI scanners, based on the available literature and a consensus discussion within a panel of experts experienced in lung MRI. Results Various sequences have been successfully tested within scientific or clinical environments. MRI of the lung with appropriate combinations of these sequences comprises morphological and functional imaging aspects in a single examination. It serves in difficult clinical problems encountered in daily routine, such as assessment of the mediastinum and chest wall, and even might challenge molecular imaging techniques in the near future. Conclusion This article helps new users to implement appropriate protocols on their own MRI platforms. Main Messages • MRI of the lung can be readily performed on state-of-the-art 1.5-T MRI scanners. • Protocol suggestions based on the available literature facilitate its use for routine • MRI offers solutions for complicated thoracic masses with atelectasis and chest wall invasion. • MRI is an option for paediatrics and science when CT is contra-indicated
              Article 0 comments Cited 60 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Kushaljit Singh Sodhi:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6419-2468
                sodhiks@gmail.com
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Pediatr Radiol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Pediatr Radiol
                Title: Pediatric Radiology
                Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )
                ISSN (Print): 0301-0449
                ISSN (Electronic): 1432-1998
                Publication date (Electronic): 26 May 2021
                Pages: 1-17
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.415131.3, ISNI 0000 0004 1767 2903, Department of Radiodiagnosis, , Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), ; Sector-12, Chandigarh, 160012 India
                [2 ]GRID grid.416135.4, Department of Paediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, , Erasmus MC – Sophia Children’s Hospital, ; Rotterdam, The Netherlands
                [3 ]GRID grid.5645.2, ISNI 000000040459992X, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, , Erasmus MC, ; Rotterdam, The Netherlands
                [4 ]GRID grid.168010.e, ISNI 0000000419368956, Department of Radiology, , Stanford University, ; Stanford, CA USA
                [5 ]GRID grid.5253.1, ISNI 0000 0001 0328 4908, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, , University Hospital of Heidelberg, ; Heidelberg, Germany
                [6 ]GRID grid.5253.1, ISNI 0000 0001 0328 4908, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC),, , German Lung Research Center (DZL), ; Heidelberg, Germany
                [7 ]GRID grid.9845.0, ISNI 0000 0001 0775 3222, Faculty of Medicine, , University of Latvia, ; Riga, Latvia
                [8 ]GRID grid.9764.c, ISNI 0000 0001 2153 9986, Faculty of Medicine, , Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, ; Kiel, Germany
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6419-2468
                Article
                Publisher ID: 5090
                DOI: 10.1007/s00247-021-05090-z
                PMC ID: 8150155
                PubMed ID: 34037828
                SO-VID: 48c4a4ce-e4ec-49b3-8b8b-cfebf64b24ef
                Copyright © © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021
                License:

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

                History
                Date received : 30 November 2020
                Date revision received : 23 February 2021
                Date accepted : 20 April 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Pediatric Body MRI

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pediatrics
                Keywords: chest,children,lungs,magnetic resonance imaging,pulmonary
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pediatrics
                Keywords: chest, children, lungs, magnetic resonance imaging, pulmonary

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