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      Modulating the Release Kinetics of Paclitaxel from Membrane-Covered Stents Using Different Loading Strategies

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          Abstract

          Membrane-covered Express 2TM Monorail ® stents composed of chitosan (CH) blended with polyethylene oxide (PEO) in 70:30% wt (CH-PEO) were coated with a monolayer of hyaluronic acid (HA). This significantly improved the resistance to platelet adhesion and demonstrated excellent mechanical properties, resisting the harsh conditions during stent crimping and subsequent inflation. CH-PEO/HA membrane was then combined with a paclitaxel (Pac) delivery system via three different approaches for comparison of release profiles of Pac. The activity of Pac in these systems was confirmed since its presence in the membrane significantly decreased cell viability of U937 macrophages. Presented results are promising for applications requiring different release patterns of hydrophobic drugs.

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          Modeling of drug release from delivery systems based on hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC).

          J Siepmann, N A Peppas (2001)
          The objective of this article is to review the spectrum of mathematical models that have been developed to describe drug release from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-based pharmaceutical devices. The major advantages of these models are: (i) the elucidation of the underlying mass transport mechanisms; and (ii) the possibility to predict the effect of the device design parameters (e.g., shape, size and composition of HPMC-based matrix tablets) on the resulting drug release rate, thus facilitating the development of new pharmaceutical products. Simple empirical or semi-empirical models such as the classical Higuchi equation and the so-called power law, as well as more complex mechanistic theories that consider diffusion, swelling and dissolution processes simultaneously are presented, and their advantages and limitations are discussed. Various examples of practical applications to experimental drug release data are given. The choice of the appropriate mathematical model when developing new pharmaceutical products or elucidating drug release mechanisms strongly depends on the desired or required predictive ability and accuracy of the model. In many cases, the use of a simple empirical or semi-empirical model is fully sufficient. However, when reliable, detailed information are required, more complex, mechanistic theories must be applied. The present article is a comprehensive review of the current state of the art of mathematical modeling drug release from HPMC-based delivery systems and discusses the crucial points of the most important theories.
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            Coronary-artery stents.

            Andrew Ong, Patrick W. Serruys, Michael J. Kutryk (2006)
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              Intracoronary stenting and angiographic results: strut thickness effect on restenosis outcome (ISAR-STEREO) trial.

              Adnan Kastrati, Julinda Mehilli, Josef Dirschinger … (2001)
              Increased thrombogenicity and smooth muscle cell proliferative response induced by the metal struts compromise the advantages of coronary stenting. The objective of this randomized, multicenter study was to assess whether a reduced strut thickness of coronary stents is associated with improved follow-up angiographic and clinical results. A total of 651 patients with coronary lesions situated in native vessels >2.8 mm in diameter were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 2 commercially available stents of comparable design but different thickness: 326 patients to the thin-strut stent (strut thickness of 50 microm) and 325 patients to the thick-strut stent (strut thickness of 140 microm). The primary end point was the angiographic restenosis (>/=50% diameter stenosis at follow-up angiography). Secondary end points were the incidence of reinterventions due to restenosis-induced ischemia and the combined rate of death and myocardial infarctions at 1 year. The incidence of angiographic restenosis was 15.0% in the thin-strut group and 25.8% in the thick-strut group (relative risk, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.87; P=0.003). Clinical restenosis was also significantly reduced, with a reintervention rate of 8.6% among thin-strut patients and 13.8% among thick-strut patients (relative risk, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.99; P=0.03). No difference was observed in the combined 1-year rate of death and myocardial infarction. The use of a thinner-strut device is associated with a significant reduction of angiographic and clinical restenosis after coronary artery stenting. These findings may have relevant implications for the currently most widely used percutaneous coronary intervention.
              Article 0 comments Cited 81 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Materials (Basel)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Materials (Basel)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): materials
                Title: Materials
                Publisher: Molecular Diversity Preservation International
                ISSN (Electronic): 1996-1944
                Publication date (Electronic): 07 November 2008
                Publication date Collection: December 2008
                Volume: 1
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 25-43
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 Rue University, Lyman Duff Medical Sciences Building, 3 rd floor, Montréal (Québec), H3A 2B4, Canada. E-mail: gerog.plum@ 123456mcgill.ca (G. S-P.)
                [2 ]Center for Biorecognition and Biosensors, McGill University, 3775 Rue University, Lyman Duff Medical Sciences Building, Room 313, Montréal (Québec) H3A 2B4, Canada
                [3 ]Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Strathcona Anatomy & Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montréal (Québec) H3A 2B2 Canada. E-mail: ziyad.haidar@ 123456mcgill.ca
                [4 ]Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, 5000 Rue Belanger Est, Montréal (Québec) H1T 1C8 Canada. E-mail: yahye.merhi@ 123456icm-mhi.org
                Author notes
                [* ]Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: maryam.tabrizian@ 123456mcgill.ca ; Tel. +514-398-8129; Fax: +514-398-7461
                Article
                Publisher ID: materials-01-00025
                DOI: 10.3390/ma1010025
                PMC ID: 5445664
                SO-VID: 48c6b259-4e4c-4c34-a033-19253a887efb
                Copyright © © 2008 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                Date received : 07 October 2008
                Date revision received : 05 November 2008
                Date accepted : 06 November 2008
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: chitosan,controlled drug release,hyaluronic acid,polyethylene oxide,paclitaxel,restenosis,stent,thrombogenecity.
                Data availability:
                Keywords: chitosan, controlled drug release, hyaluronic acid, polyethylene oxide, paclitaxel, restenosis, stent, thrombogenecity.

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