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      Additions to the knowledge of Ganodermataceae in brazilian Cerrado Translated title: Adições ao conhecimento de Ganodermataceae no Cerrado brasileiro

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT As a cosmopolitan family, Ganodermataceae has as distinctive characteristic the presence of double-walled basidiospore: the inner wall thick and ornamented, and the outer wall smooth. Even with the increasing interest in this family, the species are still poorly known in different regions of the brazilian territory, such as in the central Brazil. This study presents new distribution remarks of Ganodermataceae species in different sites of the biome Cerrado, in the Midwest region. We found 23 specimens from five species which are distributed into three genera, Amauroderma, Foraminispora and Ganoderma. From those species, one is a new record for the Cerrado (A. exile), four are new for the State of Goiás A. exile, F. rugosa, G. multiplicatum and G. stipitatum and one for the Distrito Federal (G. stipitatum). Amauroderma aurantiacum is rediscovered in Goiás after 88 years. This study contributes to improving the knowledge regarding the geographic distribution of these taxa in Brazil.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO Cosmopolita, a família Ganodermataceae tem como característica distintiva a presença de basidiósporos de parede dupla, sendo a interna espessa e ornamentada e a externa lisa. Mesmo com o crescente interesse pela família, as espécies ainda permanecem muito pouco conhecidas em diferentes localidades do território brasileiro, como é o caso do Brasil central. Este trabalho relata novas ocorrências de espécies de Ganodermataceae em diferentes localidades do bioma Cerrado, na região Centro-Oeste. Os espécimes estudados somam 23 exemplares de cinco espécies, distribuídas em três gêneros, Amauroderma, Foraminispora e Ganoderma. Dessas, uma é novo registro para o Cerrado (A. exile), quatro são novas para o estado de Goiás A. exile, F. rugosa, G. multiplicatum e G. stipitatum e uma para o Distrito Federal (G. stipitatum). Amauroderma aurantiacum é novamente registrada para o estado de Goiás após 88 anos. Este trabalho contribui para ampliar o conhecimento da distribuição geográfica das espécies no Brasil.

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          Biologically active compounds from Aphyllophorales (polypore) fungi.

          This review describes biologically active natural products isolated from Aphyllophorales, many of which are known as polypores. Polypores are a large group of terrestrial fungi of the phylum Basdiomycota (basidiomycetes), and they along with certain Ascomycota are a major source of pharmacologically active substances. There are about 25 000 species of basidiomycetes, of which about 500 are members of the Aphyllophorales, a polyphyletic group that contains the polypores. Many of these fungi have circumboreal distributions in North America, Europe, and Asia and broad distributions on all inhabited continents and Africa; only a small number of the most common species with the most obvious fruiting bodies (basidiocarps) have been evaluated for biological activity. An estimated 75% of polypore fungi that have been tested show strong antimicrobial activity, and these may constitute a good source for developing new antibiotics. Numerous compounds from these fungi also display antiviral, cytotoxic, and/or antineoplastic activities. Additional important components of this vast arsenal of compounds are polysaccharides derived from the fungal cell walls. These compounds have attracted significant attention in recent years because of their immunomodulatory activities, resulting in antitumor effects. These high molecular weight compounds, often called biological response modifiers (BRM), or immunopotentiators, prevent carcinogenesis, show direct anticancer effects, and prevent tumor metastasis. Some of the protein-bound polysaccharides from polypores and other basidiomycetes have found their way to the market in Japan as anticancer drugs. Finally, numerous compounds with cardiovascular, phytotoxic, immunomodulatory, analgesic, antidiabetic, antioxidant, insecticidal, and nematocidal activities, isolated from polypores, are also presented. In fact many of the fungi mentioned in this paper have long been used in herbal medicine, including polypores such as Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi or Ling Zhi), Laetiporus sulphureus (Chicken-of-the-Woods), Trametes versicolor (Yun Zhi), Grifola umbellata (Zhu Lin), Inonotus obliquus (Chaga), and Wolfiporia cocos (Hoelen).
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            Diversity of Brazilian Fungi

            Abstract Knowledge about the Brazilian fungal diversity was, until 2010, recorded in few taxonomy and ecology publications, as well as in a handful of species lists. With the publication of the Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil and the continued availability of an online list, it has been possible to aggregate this dispersed knowledge. The version presented here adds 2,111 species names to the 3,608 listed in 2010. A total of 5,719 species of fungi distributed in 1,246 genera, 102 orders and 13 phyla represents a considerable increase over the last five years, when only 924 genera and 78 orders were registered. Basidiomycota (2,741 species in 22 orders) and Ascomycota (1,881 species in 41 orders) predominate over other groups. The Atlantic Rainforest has the largest number of records, with 3,017 species, followed by Amazon Rainforest (1,050), Caatinga (999), Cerrado (638) and Pampa and Pantanal with 84 and 35 species, respectively. The Northeast region has the greatest richness (2,617 species), followed by Southeast (2,252), South (1,995), North (1,301) and Central-West (488 species). Regarding the States of the Federation, São Paulo with 1,846 species, Pernambuco with 1,611 and Rio Grande do Sul with 1,377 species are the most diverse.
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              Studies in Neotropical Polypores 2: A Preliminary Key to Neotropical Species of Ganoderma with a Laccate Pileus

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                hoehnea
                Hoehnea
                Hoehnea
                Instituto de Botânica (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0073-2877
                2236-8906
                2020
                : 47
                : e852019
                Affiliations
                [1] Anápolis Goiás orgnameUniversidade Estadual de Goiás orgdiv1Laboratório de Micologia Básica, Aplicada e Divulgação Científica Brazil
                Article
                S2236-89062020000100203 S2236-8906(20)04700000203
                10.1590/2236-8906-85/2019
                48cab683-6f63-4df4-b5dd-8708a59a1b50

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 28 November 2019
                : 08 August 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 48, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

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                Articles

                savana brasileira,Ganoderma,Foraminispora,Amauroderma,brazilian savanna,geographic distribution,distribuição geográfica

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