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      Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia in the development and progression of cancer

      review-article
      Author(s):
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Clinical Science (London, England : 1979)
      Publisher: Portland Press Ltd.
      Keywords: cancer, inflammation, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), obesity, p21Ras, AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase, BMI, body mass index, Fox, forkhead box, GH, growth hormone, Grb2, growth-factor-receptor-bound protein 2, IGF, insulin-like growth factor, IGFBP, IGF-binding protein, IL-6, interleukin-6, IRS-1, insulin receptor substrate-1, JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase, mSos, mammalian Son of sevenless, mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin, NF-κB, nuclear factor κB, IκB, inhibitor of NF-κB, IKKβ, IκB kinase, OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test, p70S6K, p70 S6 kinase, PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, PPAR, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor, Ptpn1, protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 1, ROS, reactive oxygen species, SHBG, sex hormone-binding globulin, SIRT1, sirtuin 1, TNF, tumour necrosis factor

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          Abstract

          Experimental, epidemiological and clinical evidence implicates insulin resistance and its accompanying hyperinsulinaemia in the development of cancer, but the relative importance of these disturbances in cancer remains unclear. There are, however, theoretical mechanisms by which hyperinsulinaemia could amplify such growth-promoting effects as insulin may have, as well as the growth-promoting effects of other, more potent, growth factors. Hyperinsulinaemia may also induce other changes, particularly in the IGF (insulin-like growth factor) system, that could promote cell proliferation and survival. Several factors can independently modify both cancer risk and insulin resistance, including subclinical inflammation and obesity. The possibility that some of the effects of hyperinsulinaemia might then augment pro-carcinogenic changes associated with disturbances in these factors emphasizes how, rather than being a single causative factor, insulin resistance may be most usefully viewed as one strand in a network of interacting disturbances that promote the development and progression of cancer.

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          Sirtuin activators mimic caloric restriction and delay ageing in metazoans.

          Jason Wood, Blanka Rogina, Siva Lavu … (2004)
          Caloric restriction extends lifespan in numerous species. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae this effect requires Sir2 (ref. 1), a member of the sirtuin family of NAD+-dependent deacetylases. Sirtuin activating compounds (STACs) can promote the survival of human cells and extend the replicative lifespan of yeast. Here we show that resveratrol and other STACs activate sirtuins from Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster, and extend the lifespan of these animals without reducing fecundity. Lifespan extension is dependent on functional Sir2, and is not observed when nutrients are restricted. Together these data indicate that STACs slow metazoan ageing by mechanisms that may be related to caloric restriction.
          Article 0 comments Cited 451 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Negative control of p53 by Sir2alpha promotes cell survival under stress.

            J. Luo, A Y Nikolaev, S. Imai … (2001)
            The NAD-dependent histone deacetylation of Sir2 connects cellular metabolism with gene silencing as well as aging in yeast. Here, we show that mammalian Sir2alpha physically interacts with p53 and attenuates p53-mediated functions. Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) inhibits an NAD-dependent p53 deacetylation induced by Sir2alpha, and also enhances the p53 acetylation levels in vivo. Furthermore, Sir2alpha represses p53-dependent apoptosis in response to DNA damage and oxidative stress, whereas expression of a Sir2alpha point mutant increases the sensitivity of cells in the stress response. Thus, our findings implicate a p53 regulatory pathway mediated by mammalian Sir2alpha. These results have significant implications regarding an important role for Sir2alpha in modulating the sensitivity of cells in p53-dependent apoptotic response and the possible effect in cancer therapy.
            Article 0 comments Cited 360 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I and risk of breast cancer.

              S E Hankinson, W Willett, G. A. Colditz … (1998)
              Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, a mitogenic and antiapoptotic peptide, can affect the proliferation of breast epithelial cells, and is thought to have a role in breast cancer. We hypothesised that high circulating IGF-I concentrations would be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. We carried out a nested case-control study within the prospective Nurses' Health Study cohort. Plasma concentrations of IGF-I and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) were measured in blood samples collected in 1989-90. We identified 397 women who had a diagnosis of breast cancer after this date and 620 age-matched controls. IGF-I concentrations were compared by logistic regression with adjustment for other breast-cancer risk factors. There was no association between IGF-I concentrations and breast-cancer risk among the whole study group. In postmenopausal women there was no association between IGF-I concentrations and breast-cancer risk (top vs bottom quintile of IGF-I, relative risk 0.85 [95% CI 0.53-1.39]). The relative risk of breast cancer among premenopausal women by IGF-I concentration (top vs bottom tertile) was 2.33 (1.06-5.16; p for trend 0.08). Among premenopausal women less than 50 years old at the time of blood collection, the relative risk was 4.58 (1.75-12.0; p for trend 0.02). After further adjustment for plasma IGFBP-3 concentrations these relative risks were 2.88 and 7.28, respectively. A positive relation between circulating IGF-I concentration and risk of breast cancer was found among premenopausal but not postmenopausal women. Plasma IGF-I concentrations may be useful in the identification of women at high risk of breast cancer and in the development of risk reduction strategies. Additional larger studies of this association among premenopausal women are needed to provide more precise estimates of effect.
              Article 0 comments Cited 262 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Clin Sci (Lond)
                Journal ID (pmc): cls
                Journal ID (publisher-id): CS
                Title: Clinical Science (London, England : 1979)
                Publisher: Portland Press Ltd.
                ISSN (Print): 0143-5221
                ISSN (Electronic): 1470-8736
                Publication date (Electronic): 23 November 2009
                Volume: 118
                Issue: Pt 5
                Pages: 315-332
                Affiliations
                Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Imperial College London, Praed Street, London W2 1PG, U.K.
                SDRN, Epidemiology and Group
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Dr Ian F. Godsland (email i.godsland@ 123456imperial.ac.uk ).
                Article
                Publisher ID: cs1180315
                DOI: 10.1042/CS20090399
                PMC ID: 2782313
                PubMed ID: 19922415
                SO-VID: 48cdb323-3d13-491c-a167-2366e75b5653
                Copyright © © 2010 The Author(s) The author(s) has paid for this article to be freely available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 27 July 2009
                Date revision received : 14 September 2009
                Date accepted : 21 September 2009
                Page count
                Figures: 7, Tables: 2, References: 212, Pages: 18
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: insulin-like growth factor-1 (igf-1),jnk, c-jun n-terminal kinase,ptpn1, protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 1,bmi, body mass index,igf, insulin-like growth factor,shbg, sex hormone-binding globulin,ikkβ, iκb kinase,tnf, tumour necrosis factor,obesity,il-6, interleukin-6,irs-1, insulin receptor substrate-1,mtor, mammalian target of rapamycin,ros, reactive oxygen species,fox, forkhead box,mapk, mitogen-activated protein kinase,nf-κb, nuclear factor κb,ppar, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor,ampk, amp-activated protein kinase,p70s6k, p70 s6 kinase,cancer,iκb, inhibitor of nf-κb,igfbp, igf-binding protein,mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk),msos, mammalian son of sevenless,grb2, growth-factor-receptor-bound protein 2,p21ras,sirt1, sirtuin 1,gh, growth hormone,insulin,pi3k, phosphoinositide 3-kinase,ogtt, oral glucose tolerance test,inflammation
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: insulin-like growth factor-1 (igf-1), jnk, c-jun n-terminal kinase, ptpn1, protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 1, bmi, body mass index, igf, insulin-like growth factor, shbg, sex hormone-binding globulin, ikkβ, iκb kinase, tnf, tumour necrosis factor, obesity, il-6, interleukin-6, irs-1, insulin receptor substrate-1, mtor, mammalian target of rapamycin, ros, reactive oxygen species, fox, forkhead box, mapk, mitogen-activated protein kinase, nf-κb, nuclear factor κb, ppar, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor, ampk, amp-activated protein kinase, p70s6k, p70 s6 kinase, cancer, iκb, inhibitor of nf-κb, igfbp, igf-binding protein, mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk), msos, mammalian son of sevenless, grb2, growth-factor-receptor-bound protein 2, p21ras, sirt1, sirtuin 1, gh, growth hormone, insulin, pi3k, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, ogtt, oral glucose tolerance test, inflammation

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