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      Application of COI Sequences in Studies of Phylogenetic Relationships Among 40 Apionidae Species

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          Abstract

          The systematics of the family Apionidae, as well as the superfamily Curculionoidea, is currently in a state of flux. The comparative analyses of COI sequences from our studies shed some light on the systematics of these weevils. To study the relationship among the organisms of the family Apionidae, we determined the COI sequences of representatives of 23 species and 15 genera, i.e., Apion, Betulapion, Catapion, Ceratapion, Cyanapion, Eutrichapion, Exapion, Hemitrichapion, Holotrichapion, Ischnopterapion, Protapion, Pseudoperapion, Psudoprotapion, Pseudostenapion , and Stenopterapion. Then, they were compared with the COI sequences of 19 species and eight genera from GenBank ( Aspidapion, Ceratapion, Exapion, Ischnopterapion, Lepidapion, Omphalapion, Oxystoma, and Protapion). The phylogenetic relationships inferred from molecular data are similar to the classification system developed by Alonso-Zarazaga and Lyal ( 1999), with some exceptions within the tribe Oxystomatini, and genera Ceratapion and Exapion.

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          TreeView: an application to display phylogenetic trees on personal computers.

          R D Page (1996)
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            Positional effect of single bulge nucleotide on PNA(peptide nucleic acid)/DNA hybrid stability

            We report positional effect of bulge nucleotide on PNA/DNA hybrid stability. CD spectra showed that PNA/DNA hybrids required at least seven base pairings at a stem region to form a bulged structure. On the other hand, DNA/DNA could form bulged structure when there are only four base pairings adjacent to the bulge nucleotide. We discuss why PNA requests such a many base pairings to form bulged structure from a nearest neighbor standpoint.
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              A comprehensive phylogeny of beetles reveals the evolutionary origins of a superradiation.

              Beetles represent almost one-fourth of all described species, and knowledge about their relationships and evolution adds to our understanding of biodiversity. We performed a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of Coleoptera inferred from three genes and nearly 1900 species, representing more than 80% of the world's recognized beetle families. We defined basal relationships in the Polyphaga supergroup, which contains over 300,000 species, and established five families as the earliest branching lineages. By dating the phylogeny, we found that the success of beetles is explained neither by exceptional net diversification rates nor by a predominant role of herbivory and the Cretaceous rise of angiosperms. Instead, the pre-Cretaceous origin of more than 100 present-day lineages suggests that beetle species richness is due to high survival of lineages and sustained diversification in a variety of niches.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Insect Sci
                J. Insect Sci
                insc
                Journal of Insect Science
                University of Wisconsin Library
                1536-2442
                2012
                3 February 2012
                : 12
                : 16
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ]Department of Botany and Mycology, M. Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka St., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
                [ 2 ]Zoology Department, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St.; 20-033 Lublin, Poland
                [ 3 ]Department of Genetics and Microbiology, M. Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka St., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
                Author notes
                [*] [ * ]Corresponding author

                Editor: David G. Heckel was Editor of this paper.

                Article
                10.1673/031.012.1601
                3469407
                22934614
                48d0c41a-47b8-44be-a24b-667f27ee1a93
                © 2012

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 28 March 2011
                : 23 August 2011
                Page count
                Pages: 14
                Categories
                Article

                Entomology
                lnsecta,curculionoidea,systematics,phylogenetics,weevils
                Entomology
                lnsecta, curculionoidea, systematics, phylogenetics, weevils

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