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      Severe complications after negative pressure wound therapy in burned wounds: two case reports

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          Abstract

          We present two typical cases of severe complications (sepsis and hemorrhage) after negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in burned patients. Necrotic tissues in some deep burn wounds are difficult to judge correctly and remove thoroughly. An electrically burned blood vessel looks “intact” but can easily break. Necrotic tissue or injured blood vessels when using NPWT are dangerous, both for causing sepsis and hemorrhage. This is the first article that reports the severe complications of NPWT in burned patients. It is imperative to heed indications and avoid contraindications. Proper preparation of wound beds, close observation, and sufficient irrigation are also crucial to avoid these severe complications, and there is an urgent need to substitute the central vacuum system with the low-pressure system.

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          Negative pressure wound therapy after partial diabetic foot amputation: a multicentre, randomised controlled trial.

          David Armstrong, Lawrence A. Lavery (2005)
          Diabetic foot wounds, particularly those secondary to amputation, are very complex and difficult to treat. We investigated whether negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) improves the proportion and rate of wound healing after partial foot amputation in patients with diabetes. We enrolled 162 patients into a 16-week, 18-centre, randomised clinical trial in the USA. Inclusion criteria consisted of partial foot amputation wounds up to the transmetatarsal level and evidence of adequate perfusion. Patients who were randomly assigned to NPWT (n=77) received treatment with dressing changes every 48 h. Control patients (n=85) received standard moist wound care according to consensus guidelines. NPWT was delivered through the Vacuum Assisted Closure (VAC) Therapy System. Wounds were treated until healing or completion of the 112-day period of active treatment. Analysis was by intention to treat. This study has been registered with , number NCT00224796. More patients healed in the NPWT group than in the control group (43 [56%] vs 33 [39%], p=0.040). The rate of wound healing, based on the time to complete closure, was faster in the NPWT group than in controls (p=0.005). The rate of granulation tissue formation, based on the time to 76-100% formation in the wound bed, was faster in the NPWT group than in controls (p=0.002). The frequency and severity of adverse events (of which the most common was wound infection) were similar in both treatment groups. NPWT delivered by the VAC Therapy System seems to be a safe and effective treatment for complex diabetic foot wounds, and could lead to a higher proportion of healed wounds, faster healing rates, and potentially fewer re-amputations than standard care.
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            Comparison of negative pressure wound therapy using vacuum-assisted closure with advanced moist wound therapy in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

            Peter Blume, Jodi Walters, Wyatt Payne … (2008)
            The purpose of this study was to evaluate safety and clinical efficacy of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) compared with advanced moist wound therapy (AMWT) to treat foot ulcers in diabetic patients. This multicenter randomized controlled trial enrolled 342 patients with a mean age of 58 years; 79% were male. Complete ulcer closure was defined as skin closure (100% reepithelization) without drainage or dressing requirements. Patients were randomly assigned to either NPWT (vacuum-assisted closure) or AMWT (predominately hydrogels and alginates) and received standard off-loading therapy as needed. The trial evaluated treatment until day 112 or ulcer closure by any means. Patients whose wounds achieved ulcer closure were followed at 3 and 9 months. Each study visit included closure assessment by wound examination and tracings. A greater proportion of foot ulcers achieved complete ulcer closure with NPWT (73 of 169, 43.2%) than with AMWT (48 of 166, 28.9%) within the 112-day active treatment phase (P = 0.007). The Kaplan-Meier median estimate for 100% ulcer closure was 96 days (95% CI 75.0-114.0) for NPWT and not determinable for AMWT (P = 0.001). NPWT patients experienced significantly (P = 0.035) fewer secondary amputations. The proportion of home care therapy days to total therapy days for NPWT was 9,471 of 10,579 (89.5%) and 12,210 of 12,810 (95.3%) for AMWT. In assessing safety, no significant difference between the groups was observed in treatment-related complications such as infection, cellulitis, and osteomyelitis at 6 months. NPWT appears to be as safe as and more efficacious than AMWT for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers.
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              Negative pressure wound therapy to treat hematomas and surgical incisions following high-energy trauma.

              Jose Alonso, Jacob T. Robinson, David Volgas … (2006)
              To evaluate the use of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) to augment healing of surgical incisions and hematomas after high-energy trauma. This study is a prospective randomized evaluation of NPWT in trauma patients, randomizing patients with draining hematomas to either a pressure dressing (group A) or a VAC (group B). Additionally, patients with calcaneus, pilon, and high-energy tibial plateau fractures were randomized to either a standard postoperative dressing or a VAC over the sutures. There were 44 patients randomized into the hematoma study. Group A drained a mean of 3.1 days, compared with only 1.6 days for group B. This difference was significant (p=0.03). The infection rate for group A was 16%, compared with 8% in group B. An additional 44 patients have been randomized into the fracture study. Again, a significant difference (p=0.02) was present when comparing drainage in group A (4.8 days) and group B (1.8 days). No significant difference was present at current enrollment for infection or wound breakdown. NPWT has been used on many complex traumatic wounds. Potential mechanisms of action include angiogenesis, increased blood flow, and decreased interstitial fluid. This ongoing randomized study has demonstrated decreased drainage and improved wound healing following both hematomas and severe fractures.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Ther Clin Risk Manag
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Ther Clin Risk Manag
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management
                Title: Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management
                Publisher: Dove Medical Press
                ISSN (Print): 1176-6336
                ISSN (Electronic): 1178-203X
                Publication date Collection: 2014
                Publication date (Electronic): 01 July 2014
                Volume: 10
                Pages: 513-516
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Burns and Wound Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
                [2 ]Department of Ultrasound, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Yuan Li, Department of Ultrasound, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Xue shi Road1#, Hangzhou 310006, People’s Republic of China, Email docliyuan@ 123456126.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: tcrm-10-513
                DOI: 10.2147/TCRM.S66117
                PMC ID: 4085333
                PubMed ID: 25061310
                SO-VID: 48d3b403-bbd4-4880-a0fd-199a88458279
                Copyright © © 2014 Ren and Li. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License
                License:

                The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

                History
                Categories
                Subject: Case Series

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: negative pressure wound therapy,complication,burn sepsis,bleeding,drainage
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: negative pressure wound therapy, complication, burn sepsis, bleeding, drainage

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