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      Characteristics of Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Korea and Their Work-relatedness Evaluation

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          Abstract

          Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) can be compensated through the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act. We looked at the characteristics of WMSDs in worker's compensation records and the epidemiological investigation reports from the Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute (OSHRI). Based on the records of compensation, the number of cases for WMSDs decreased from 4,532 in 2003 to 1,954 in 2007. However the proportion of WMSDs among the total approved occupational diseases increased from 49.6% in 2003 to 76.5% in 2007, and the total cost of WMSDs increased from 105.3 billion won in 2004 to 163.3 billion won in 2007. The approval rate of WMSDs by the OSHRI accounted for 65.6%. Ergonomic and clinical characteristics were associated with the approval rate; however, the degenerative changes had a minimal affect. This result was in discordance between OSHRI and the Korea Workers' Compensation & Welfare Service. We presumed that there were perceptional gaps in work-relatedness interpretation that resulted from the inequality of information in ergonomic analyses. We propose to introduce ergonomic analysis to unapproved WMSDs cases and discuss those results among experts that will be helpful to form a consensus among diverse groups.

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          Abnormal findings on magnetic resonance images of asymptomatic shoulders.

          A Posada, Michael B Zlatkin, David J. Sher … (1994)
          Magnetic resonance images of the shoulders of ninety-six asymptomatic individuals were evaluated to determine the prevalence of findings consistent with a tear of the rotator cuff. The scans were reviewed independently by two diagnostic radiologists who are experienced in the interpretation of magnetic resonance images of the shoulder. The over-all prevalence of tears of the rotator cuff in all age-groups was 34 per cent (thirty-three). There were fourteen full-thickness tears (15 per cent) and nineteen partial-thickness tears (20 per cent). The frequency of full-thickness and partial-thickness tears increased significantly with age (p < 0.001 and 0.05, respectively). Twenty-five (54 per cent) of the forty-six individuals who were more than sixty years old had a tear of the rotator cuff: thirteen (28 per cent) had a full-thickness tear and twelve (26 per cent) had a partial-thickness tear. Of the twenty-five individuals who were forty to sixty years old, one (4 per cent) had a full-thickness tear and six (24 per cent) had a partial-thickness tear. Of the twenty-five individuals who were nineteen to thirty-nine years old, none had a full-thickness tear and one (4 per cent) had a partial-thickness tear. Magnetic resonance imaging identified a high prevalence of tears of the rotator cuff in asymptomatic individuals. These tears were increasingly frequent with advancing age and were compatible with normal, painless, functional activity. The results of the present study emphasize the potential hazards of the use of magnetic resonance imaging scans alone as a basis for the determination of operative intervention in the absence of associated clinical findings.
          Article 0 comments Cited 126 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            The Strain Index: a proposed method to analyze jobs for risk of distal upper extremity disorders.

            Sarah J Moore, A Garg (1995)
            Based on existing knowledge and theory of the physiology, biomechanics, and epidemiology of distal upper extremity disorders, a semiquantitative job analysis methodology was developed. The methodology involves the measurement or estimation of six task variables (intensity of exertion, duration of exertion per cycle, efforts per minute, wrist posture, speed of exertion, and duration of task per day); assignment of an ordinal rating for each variable according to exposure data; then assignment of a multiplier value for each variable. The Strain Index is the product of these six multipliers. Preliminary testing suggests that the methodology accurately identifies jobs associated with distal upper extremity disorders versus jobs that are not; however, large-scale studies are needed to validate and update the proposed methodology.
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              Occupational physical activities and osteoarthritis of the knee.

              D Coggon, P. Croft, S Kellingray … (2000)
              To assess the risk of knee osteoarthritis (OA) associated with kneeling, squatting, and other occupational activities. We compared 518 patients who were listed for surgical treatment of knee OA and an equal number of control subjects from the same communities who were matched for sex and age. Histories of knee injury and occupational activities were ascertained at interview, height and weight were measured, and the hands were examined for Heberden's nodes. Data were analyzed by conditional logistic regression. After adjustment for body mass index (BMI), history of knee injury, and the presence of Heberden's nodes, risk was elevated in subjects who reported prolonged kneeling or squatting (odds ratio [OR] 1.9; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.3-2.8), walking >2 miles/day (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.4-2.8), and regularly lifting weights of at least 25 kg (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.2-2.6) in the course of their work. The risks associated with kneeling and squatting were higher in subjects who also reported occupational lifting, and appeared to interact multiplicatively with the risk conferred by obesity. People with a BMI of > or =30 kg/m2 whose work had entailed prolonged kneeling or squatting had an OR of 14.7 (95% CI 7.2-30.2), compared with subjects with a BMI <25 kg/m2 who were not exposed to occupational kneeling or squatting. There is now strong evidence for an occupational hazard of knee OA resulting from prolonged kneeling and squatting. One approach to reducing this risk may lie in the avoidance of obesity in people who perform this sort of work.
              Article 0 comments Cited 65 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Korean Med Sci
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JKMS
                Title: Journal of Korean Medical Science
                Publisher: The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences
                ISSN (Print): 1011-8934
                ISSN (Electronic): 1598-6357
                Publication date (Print): December 2010
                Publication date (Electronic): 15 December 2010
                Volume: 25
                Issue: Suppl
                Pages: S77-S86
                Affiliations
                Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, KOSHA, Incheon, Korea.
                Author notes
                Address for Correspondence: Kyoo Sang Kim, M.D. Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, 478 Munemiro, Bupyeong-gu, Incheon 403-711, Korea. Tel: +82.32-510-0823, Fax: +82.32-518-0862, kobawoo@ 123456kosha.net
                Article
                DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2010.25.S.S77
                PMC ID: 3023344
                PubMed ID: 21258595
                SO-VID: 48eb2b72-57cd-4939-9c77-b315e3970ba8
                Copyright © © 2010 The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 15 October 2010
                Date accepted : 06 December 2010
                Categories
                Subject: Review
                Subject: Occupation & Environmental Medicine

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: low back pain,musculoskeletal diseases,workplace,risk factors,upper extremity
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: low back pain, musculoskeletal diseases, workplace, risk factors, upper extremity

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