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      Co-circulation of Dengue and Chikungunya Viruses, Al Hudaydah, Yemen, 2012

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          Abstract

          We investigated 400 cases of dengue-like illness in persons hospitalized during an outbreak in Al Hudaydah, Yemen, in 2012. Overall, 116 dengue and 49 chikungunya cases were diagnosed. Dengue virus type 2 was the predominant serotype. The co-circulation of these viruses indicates that mosquitoborne infections represent a public health threat in Yemen.

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          Development and validation of real-time one-step reverse transcription-PCR for the detection and typing of dengue viruses.

          Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, Meïli Baragatti, Sarah Temmam … (2009)
          Dengue virus, transmitted by mosquitoes, causes every year 50 million cases of dengue fever. A standardize method for early diagnosis is still needed for clinical diagnosis and epidemiological studies. To develop and validate for sensitivity, specificity, linearity and precision real-time one-step RT-PCR for the detection of dengue viruses. Multiple alignments of dengue virus sequence for each serotype were done and used to develop five systems of real-time RT-PCR to detect all dengue virus strains and then identify the serotype. These systems were validated on synthetic RNA transcripts for specificity, sensitivity, precision and linearity and then applied on series of human samples. The specificity of each system was determined by sequence alignments and experimentally tested on different flaviviruses. Methods precision and linearity were statistically validated. Each of these systems allowed the detection of less than one infectious particle and was able to detect and serotype quickly dengue virus in human samples where infectious virus cannot be isolated anymore. These systems are valuable tools for dengue virus diagnosis and epidemiological studies. Standardization and validation of these methods allow an easy transfer to diagnostic laboratories.
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            Infectious diseases in the Arabian Peninsula and Egypt.

            A Shibl, A Senok, Z. Memish (2012)
            Infectious diseases are important causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Epidemiologically, differences in the patterns of infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance exist across diverse geographical regions. In this review on infectious diseases in the Arabian Peninsula and Egypt, the epidemiology of tuberculosis, malaria and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections will be addressed. The challenges of the hepatitis C epidemic in Egypt and the epidemiology of this infection across the region will be reviewed. In recent years, we have seen dengue endemicity become established, with major outbreaks in parts of the region. Emerging data also indicate that, across the region, there is an increasing burden of antibiotic resistance, with endemicity in healthcare settings and dissemination into the community. New challenges include the emergence of the Alkhurma haemorrhagic fever virus in Saudi Arabia. The annual Hajj pilgrimage in Saudi Arabia serves as a model for the control of infectious disease in mass gatherings. As most of these countries constantly experience a uniquely dynamic population influx in the form of expatriate workers, tourists, or pilgrims, concerted regional and international collaboration to address these public health concerns in a region that lies at the crossroads for the global spread of infectious pathogens is imperative. © 2012 The Authors. Clinical Microbiology and Infection © 2012 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.
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              Dengue in the Middle East: a neglected, emerging disease of importance.

              Ananda Amarasinghe, G. Letson (2012)
              Dengue transmission has increased worldwide, particularly in Asia and Latin America since the 1970s, but limited information on the disease is available from the Middle East. Saudi Arabia and Yemen have reported a few epidemics of dengue. Three of the four dengue virus serotypes (DENV-1-3) have been reported in the region. Climate conditions in the Middle East are not favourable for the disease vector, but all other risk factors for dengue are potentially increasing. The existence of a large immigrant work force from dengue-endemic countries, increased travel from and to dengue-endemic countries and increased urbanization are expected to increase the likelihood of the emergence of dengue in the Middle East.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Emerg Infect Dis
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Emerging Infect. Dis
                Journal ID (publisher-id): EID
                Title: Emerging Infectious Diseases
                Publisher: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
                ISSN (Print): 1080-6040
                ISSN (Electronic): 1080-6059
                Publication date (Print): August 2014
                Volume: 20
                Issue: 8
                Pages: 1351-1354
                Affiliations
                [1]Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy (G. Rezza, F. Vescio, M. Ciccozzi);
                [2]Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (G. El-Sawaf, G. Helaly, D. Metwally);
                [3]Army Medical and Veterinary Research Center, Rome (G. Faggioni, R. De Santis, A. Pomponi, F. Lista);
                [4]University of Sana’a, Yemen (R. Al Ameri, H. Qadi);
                [5]University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome (M. Fantini)
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Giovanni Rezza, Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; email: giovanni.rezza@ 123456iss.it
                Article
                Publisher ID: 13-1615
                DOI: 10.3201/eid2008.131615
                PMC ID: 4111199
                PubMed ID: 25061762
                SO-VID: 4982404b-9bbd-4953-b6c9-975e0de7d706
                History
                Categories
                Subject: Dispatch
                Subject: Dispatch

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: dengue virus,chikungunya virus,viruses,dengue-like illness,yemen,co-circulation,dengue type 2,mosquitoborne,mosquito-borne,aedes aegypti,arbovirus infections
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: dengue virus, chikungunya virus, viruses, dengue-like illness, yemen, co-circulation, dengue type 2, mosquitoborne, mosquito-borne, aedes aegypti, arbovirus infections

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