Regulación emocional en pacientes con trastornos de ansiedad: un estudio comparativo con una muestra comunitaria

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Abstract

Según modelos psicopatológicos recientes el desarrollo y mantenimiento de los trastornos de ansiedad (TA) se relacionaría con el uso de estrategias de regulación emocional desadaptativas. El estudio comparó el uso de estrategias de regulación emocional para afrontar emociones displacenteras en un grupo de 62 pacientes con TA y uno integrado por 61 controles (GC). No se hallaron diferencias en el uso de las estrategias de aproximación cognitiva. Comparados con el GC, los pacientes con TA utilizaron en mayor medida estrategias de Evitación Cognitiva, Resignación-Aceptación, Descarga Emocional y Búsqueda de apoyo; a la vez que emplearon en menor medida estrategias de Resolución de Problemas. Para el grupo ansioso, las estrategias de Resignación-Aceptación, Descarga Emocional y Análisis Lógico correlacionaron positivamente con todas las medidas de severidad sintomatológica, mientras que la Revaloración positiva lo hizo negativamente. En vista de los resultados, se discuten sus implicaciones para el desarrollo de nuevos protocolos de tratamiento.

Translated abstract

According to current psychopathological models development and maintenance of anxiety disorders (AD) would be related to the use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. The study compared the use of emotional regulation strategies to cope with unpleasant emotions in a group of 62 patients with AD and one composed by 61 controls (CG). No di f ferences were found between groups regarding use of cognitive approximation strategies. Compared with control group patients with AD reported a greater tendency to engage in Cognitive Avoidance, Resignation-Acceptance, Emotional discharge and Support Seeking strategies. In turn, AD patients were less prone to use Problem Solving strategies. For AD group Resignation-Acceptance, Emotional discharge and Logical Analysis strategies were positively correlated to all symptomatology measures while Positive Revaluation strategy did negatively. In view of the results their implications for the development of new treatment protocols are discussed.

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Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review.

Amelia Aldao, Susan Nolen-Hoeksema, Susanne Schweizer (2010)

We examined the relationships between six emotion-regulation strategies (acceptance, avoidance, problem solving, reappraisal, rumination, and suppression) and symptoms of four psychopathologies (anxiety, depression, eating, and substance-related disorders). We combined 241 effect sizes from 114 studies that examined the relationships between dispositional emotion regulation and psychopathology. We focused on dispositional emotion regulation in order to assess patterns of responding to emotion over time. First, we examined the relationship between each regulatory strategy and psychopathology across the four disorders. We found a large effect size for rumination, medium to large for avoidance, problem solving, and suppression, and small to medium for reappraisal and acceptance. These results are surprising, given the prominence of reappraisal and acceptance in treatment models, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based treatments, respectively. Second, we examined the relationship between each regulatory strategy and each of the four psychopathology groups. We found that internalizing disorders were more consistently associated with regulatory strategies than externalizing disorders. Lastly, many of our analyses showed that whether the sample came from a clinical or normative population significantly moderated the relationships. This finding underscores the importance of adopting a multi-sample approach to the study of psychopathology. Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Emotion regulation: a theme in search of definition.

R A Thompson (1994)

Contemporary interest in emotion regulation promises to advance important new views of emotional development as well as offering applications to developmental psychopathology, but these potential contributions are contingent on developmentalists' attention to some basic definitional issues. This essay offers a perspective on these issues by considering how emotion regulation should be defined, the various components of the management of emotion, how emotion regulation strategies fit into the dynamics of social interaction, and how individual differences in emotion regulation should be conceptualized and measured. In the end, it seems clear that emotion regulation is a conceptual rubric for a remarkable range of developmental processes, each of which may have its own catalysts and control processes. Likewise, individual differences in emotion regulation skills likely have multifaceted origins and are also related in complex ways to the person's emotional goals and the immediate demands of the situation. Assessment approaches that focus on the dynamics of emotion are well suited to elucidating these complex developmental and individual differences. In sum, a challenging research agenda awaits those who enter this promising field of study.