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      Challenges to effective cancer control in China, India, and Russia.

      1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 42 , 43
      The Lancet. Oncology
      Elsevier BV

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          Abstract

          Cancer is one of the major non-communicable diseases posing a threat to world health. Unfortunately, improvements in socioeconomic conditions are usually associated with increased cancer incidence. In this Commission, we focus on China, India, and Russia, which share rapidly rising cancer incidence and have cancer mortality rates that are nearly twice as high as in the UK or the USA, vast geographies, growing economies, ageing populations, increasingly westernised lifestyles, relatively disenfranchised subpopulations, serious contamination of the environment, and uncontrolled cancer-causing communicable infections. We describe the overall state of health and cancer control in each country and additional specific issues for consideration: for China, access to care, contamination of the environment, and cancer fatalism and traditional medicine; for India, affordability of care, provision of adequate health personnel, and sociocultural barriers to cancer control; and for Russia, monitoring of the burden of cancer, societal attitudes towards cancer prevention, effects of inequitable treatment and access to medicine, and a need for improved international engagement.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Lancet Oncol.
          The Lancet. Oncology
          Elsevier BV
          1474-5488
          1470-2045
          Apr 2014
          : 15
          : 5
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Avon Breast Cancer Center of Excellence, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: pgoss@partners.org.
          [2 ] Wilhelminen Hospital, Center for Oncology, Hematology and Palliative Care, Vienna, Austria.
          [3 ] Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; International Cancer Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
          [4 ] International Cancer Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Cancer Center and Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Breast Surgery Department, Shanghai, China.
          [5 ] International Cancer Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Hemato-Oncology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
          [6 ] International Cancer Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Oncologia Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre and Instituto do Cancer Mãe de Deus, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
          [7 ] Department of Surgical Oncology/Clinical Research, Tata Memorial Centre, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
          [8 ] International Cancer Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; University Hospital Zagreb, Department of Oncology, Zagreb, Croatia.
          [9 ] Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
          [10 ] State Key Lab of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
          [11 ] Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
          [12 ] Cancer Center and Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Breast Surgery Department, Shanghai, China.
          [13 ] Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
          [14 ] Fourth Military Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
          [15 ] Organisation for Oncology and Translational Research, Hong Kong, China; UNIMED Medical Institute, Comprehensive Centre for Breast Diseases, Hong Kong, China.
          [16 ] Institute of Public Health Economics and Management, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China.
          [17 ] Department of Economics, School of Economics, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China.
          [18 ] Cancer Center of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
          [19 ] University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Cancer Institute & Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
          [20 ] Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
          [21 ] King's Health Partners Cancer Centre, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
          [22 ] King's Health Partners Cancer Centre, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK; Institute of Cancer Policy, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
          [23 ] Administration, Tata Memorial Centre, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
          [24 ] Department of Medical and Pediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
          [25 ] Department of Clinical Hematology, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
          [26 ] Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India.
          [27 ] Clinical Research and Education, BSES GH Municipal Hospital, Mumbai, India.
          [28 ] Eurasian Federation of Oncology Educational & Research Center, Moscow, Russia.
          [29 ] Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tata Memorial Centre, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
          [30 ] Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Head & Neck/Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Kochi, Kerala, India.
          [31 ] Department of Preventive Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
          [32 ] Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Panjagutta, Hyderabad, India.
          [33 ] Hemato-Oncology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
          [34 ] Astana Oncology Center, Head and Neck Oncology, Astana, Kazakhstan.
          [35 ] Reproductive System Tumors Department, NN Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St Petersburg, Russia.
          [36 ] Department of Thoracic Oncology, Saint Petersburg Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
          [37 ] Almaty Oncology Centre, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
          [38 ] Russian Society of Clinical Oncology, Kidney Cancer Research Bureau, Moscow, Russia.
          [39 ] Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
          [40 ] Department of Health Economics, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.
          [41 ] Avon Foundation Breast Cancer Crusade, New York, NY, USA.
          [42 ] International Cancer Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
          [43 ] Breast Cancer Research Centre-Western Australia and Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
          Article
          S1470-2045(14)70029-4
          10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70029-4
          24731404
          49e34ae2-e8e5-4172-8d5c-5bfdf166a76f
          History

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