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      Grounding clinical and cognitive scientists in an interdisciplinary discussion

      research-article
      1 , 2
      Frontiers in Psychology
      Frontiers Media S.A.
      embodiment, grounded cognition, embodied clinical perspectives

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          Abstract

          In most clinical approaches the body receives little attention. In cognitive science, in contrast, the embodied and grounded perspective, which emphasizes the importance of the body, has been intensively explored over the last decade. The present article aims to engage theorists of embodied cognition and clinical experts in a discussion encouraging them to consider the insights that may arise from each other’s approaches. In a review of the cognitive and clinical literature substantial overlap is revealed between cognitive and clinical domains.

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          Most cited references35

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          Grounded cognition.

          Grounded cognition rejects traditional views that cognition is computation on amodal symbols in a modular system, independent of the brain's modal systems for perception, action, and introspection. Instead, grounded cognition proposes that modal simulations, bodily states, and situated action underlie cognition. Accumulating behavioral and neural evidence supporting this view is reviewed from research on perception, memory, knowledge, language, thought, social cognition, and development. Theories of grounded cognition are also reviewed, as are origins of the area and common misperceptions of it. Theoretical, empirical, and methodological issues are raised whose future treatment is likely to affect the growth and impact of grounded cognition.
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            Mindfulness: A Proposed Operational Definition

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              Single-neuron responses in humans during execution and observation of actions.

              Direct recordings in monkeys have demonstrated that neurons in frontal and parietal areas discharge during execution and perception of actions [1-8]. Because these discharges "reflect" the perceptual aspects of actions of others onto the motor repertoire of the perceiver, these cells have been called mirror neurons. Their overlapping sensory-motor representations have been implicated in observational learning and imitation, two important forms of learning [9]. In humans, indirect measures of neural activity support the existence of sensory-motor mirroring mechanisms in homolog frontal and parietal areas [10, 11], other motor regions [12-15], and also the existence of multisensory mirroring mechanisms in nonmotor regions [16-19]. We recorded extracellular activity from 1177 cells in human medial frontal and temporal cortices while patients executed or observed hand grasping actions and facial emotional expressions. A significant proportion of neurons in supplementary motor area, and hippocampus and environs, responded to both observation and execution of these actions. A subset of these neurons demonstrated excitation during action-execution and inhibition during action-observation. These findings suggest that multiple systems in humans may be endowed with neural mechanisms of mirroring for both the integration and differentiation of perceptual and motor aspects of actions performed by self and others. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Front Psychol
                Front Psychol
                Front. Psychol.
                Frontiers in Psychology
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1664-1078
                19 September 2013
                2013
                : 4
                : 630
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna Italy
                [2] 2Centro di Psicologia e Psicoterapia Funzionale Integrata, Trieste Italy
                Author notes

                Edited by: Andreas B. Eder, University of Wuerzburg, Germany

                Reviewed by: Sascha Topolinski, University of Wuerzburg, Germany; Catherine L. Reed, Claremont McKenna College, USA; Frank Röhricht, University of Essex, UK

                *Correspondence: Giovanni Ottoboni, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy e-mail: giovanni.ottoboni@ 123456gmail.com

                This article was submitted to Cognition, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychology.

                Article
                10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00630
                3777538
                24062713
                49e3e669-618d-46f9-863a-7c237cca696f
                Copyright © Ottoboni.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 13 June 2013
                : 25 August 2013
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 58, Pages: 5, Words: 0
                Categories
                Psychology
                Perspective Article

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                embodiment,grounded cognition,embodied clinical perspectives

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