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      SEROPREVALENCE OF Trypanosoma vivax, Anaplasma marginale, and Babesia bovis IN DAIRY CATTLE Translated title: SOROPREVALÊNCIA DE Trypanosoma vivax, Anaplasma marginale e Babesia bovis EM REBANHOS LEITEIROS

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          Abstract

          Abstract In order to determine the prevalence of IgG against Trypanosoma vivax, Anaplasma marginale, and Babesia bovis in dairy cattle in southern Minas Gerais, four hundred cows from 40 dairy farms were randomly selected and distributed in 14 municipalities. Seroprevalence was determined by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Interviews were conducted to characterize producers and dairy production. Univariate analysis was carried out using chi-square (x2) or Fisher's exact test. The multiple model was constructed with variables associated with p ≤ 0.25 by x2 test using generalized estimating equations (GEE). True prevalence at herd level was 49.6% (31.7-67.5), 100% (92.1-100), and 100% (86.5-100) for T. vivax, A. marginale, and B. bovis, respectively. At individual level, true seroprevalence was 9.9% (6.7-13.1), 96.2% (92.1-99.6), and 93.7% (89.4-97.2), respectively, for T. vivax, A. marginale, and B. bovis. Among the factors adjusted by logistic regression GEE model, "total farm area" (p= 0.021, OR= 0.308, Ic95%= 0.114-0.836) and "fly season" (p= 0.016, OR= 2.133, Ic95%= 1.153-3.948) remained associated with seropositivity for T. vivax. As the State of Minas Gerais is considered non-endemic for T. vivax, producers and veterinarians should be informed about the risk of occurrence of bovine trypanosomiasis.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Com o objetivo de determinar a prevalência de anticorpos IgG anti-Trypanosoma vivax, Anaplasma marginale e Babesia bovis em bovinos leiteiros no Sul de Minas Gerais, quatrocentas fêmeas bovinas adultas provenientes de 40 propriedades leiteiras foram selecionadas aleatoriamente e distribuídas por 14 municípios localizados na região Sul de Minas Gerais. A soroprevalência foi determinada pela reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI). Foram realizadas entrevistas para caracterizar os produtores e a produção leiteira. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas no software PASW 18. Foi realizada análise univariada pelo Qui-quadrado (x2) ou Teste Exato de Fisher. Com as variáveis associadas com p ≤ 0,25 pelo teste x2 construiu-se o modelo múltiplo por meio de Equações de Estimação Generalizadas (GEE). A soroprevalência verdadeira em nível de rebanho foi 49,6% (31,7-67,5), 100% (92,1-100) e 100% (86,5-100) para T. vivax, A. marginale e B. bovis, respectivamente. Em nível individual, a soroprevalência verdadeira foi 9,9% (6,7-13,1), 96,2% (92,1-99,6) e 93,7% (89,4-97,2), respectivamente, para T. vivax, A. marginale e B. bovis. Dentre os fatores ajustados pelo modelo de regressão logística GEE, as variáveis "área total da fazenda" (p= 0,021; OR= 0,308; IC95%= 0,114 - 0,836) e "época com maior número de moscas" (p= 0,016; OR= 2,133; IC95%= 1,153 - 3,948) se mantiveram associadas à soropositividade para T. vivax. Devido ao fato de o Estado de Minas Gerais ser considerado área não endêmica para a T. vivax, é importante que produtores e veterinários sejam informados quanto ao risco de ocorrência da tripanossomíase bovina.

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          Epidemiology of babesiosis and anaplasmosis in South and Central America.

          Babesiosis (Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina) and anaplasmosis (Anaplasma marginale) affect native cattle from Uruguay and northern Argentina to Guatemala. The distribution of Babesia follows the dissemination of the tick vector. Seroepidemiological studies showed that enzootic instability exist in herds in several areas of the region. However, clinical cases occurred less frequently than expected. The babesial tick infection rate is related to the vector abundance which in turn is regulated by climate. Bos indicus cattle, because of tick resistance, are less likely to be infected by the vector. This can result in herd instability, but clinically is partly compensated by the resistance of Bos indicus and their crosses to babesiosis. Excessive use of acaricides and rotational grazing appears to be related to outbreaks of babesiosis especially in dairy cattle. Factors involved in the epidemiology and transmission of anaplasmosis are not well defined. The role of ticks, haematophagous diptera, iatrogenic and intrauterine transmissions needs to be investigated under local conditions. Therefore, the knowledge of this disease is meager. Utilization of biotechnological methods may help in obtaining information on Babesia-Boophilus-Bos relationship and on the transmission of A. marginale.
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            Trypanosoma vivax – out of Africa

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              Técnicas para el diagnóstico de babesiosis y anaplasmosis bovina

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                cab
                Ciência Animal Brasileira
                Ciênc. anim. bras.
                Universidade Federal de Goiás
                1809-6891
                December 2016
                : 17
                : 4
                : 564-573
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal de Pelotas Brazil
                Article
                S1809-68912016000400564
                10.1590/1089-6891v17i434091
                4a2ecfed-a48d-4b8d-bcd6-82c2bb08d96e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1809-6891&lng=en
                Categories
                VETERINARY SCIENCES

                General veterinary medicine
                anaplasmose,babesiose,bovinos leiteiros,estabilidade enzoótica,tripanossomíase,anaplasmosis,babesiosis,dairy cattle,enzootic stability,trypanosomiasis

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